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Email help@pcrepairnorthshore.comAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.comBlogger227125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-88147361998518951542013-12-07T22:25:00.002-05:002013-12-08T20:46:14.716-05:00Start the Wireless Zero Configuration (WZC) service<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
Today, my neighbor handed me a ten year old Dell XP computer and said she was unable to get a wireless connection. We received the following message when trying to connect to a wireless network:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VLSRU9fKmbc/UqPWLjH0YPI/AAAAAAAABlk/6gKpZ4Q1ULc/s1600/IMG_2855.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VLSRU9fKmbc/UqPWLjH0YPI/AAAAAAAABlk/6gKpZ4Q1ULc/s400/IMG_2855.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
The following is how I resolved the issue. I went to the Microsoft site and pulled up the following documentation:</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms706593(v=vs.85).aspx" target="_blank">Wireless Zero Configuration Reference</a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.429em !important; padding-bottom: 15px;">
Wireless Zero Configuration is a Windows service on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 that is used to configure and manage wireless network connections on a wireless adapter. The service name for Wireless Zero Configuration is WZCSVC. On Windows XP, the display name for the WZCSVC service is Wireless Zero Configuration. On Windows Server 2003, the display name for the WZCSVC service is Wireless Configuration.</div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.429em !important; padding-bottom: 15px;">
The Wireless Zero Configuration service is normally started at boot time. The programming interface for the Wireless Zero Configuration service can be used only if the Wireless Zero Configuration service has been started. If the Wireless Zero Configuration service is not started, then the Wireless Zero Configuration functions will return an error.</div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.429em !important; padding-bottom: 15px;">
To enable the Wireless Zero Configuration service so it starts up automatically, go to the <strong>Start</strong> button. Select the <strong>Settings</strong> option and then select <strong>Control Panel</strong>. If you are using the Windows XP view, select the<strong>Performance and Maintenance</strong> category and then select <strong>Administrative Tools</strong>. If you are using the Classic View, then select <strong>Administrative Tools</strong>. Click the <strong>Services</strong> icon in the left pane. Click the Wireless Zero Configuration icon in the right pane and change the <strong>Startup Type</strong> dropbox to <strong>Automatic</strong>. This setting will set the service to start automatically at boot time. Then click the <strong>Start</strong> button to start the Wireless Zero Wireless Zero Configuration service and click the <strong>OK</strong> button.</div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.429em !important; padding-bottom: 15px;">
The Wireless Zero Configuration can also be started and stopped from a command prompt. To start the Wireless Zero Configuration, run the following command:</div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.429em !important; padding-bottom: 15px;">
<strong>net start wzcsvc</strong></div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.429em !important; padding-bottom: 15px;">
To stop the Wireless Zero Configuration, run the following command:</div>
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.429em !important; padding-bottom: 15px;">
<strong>net stop wzcsvc</strong></div>
</blockquote>
<b>Note:</b> Once you enable the WZC Service and reboot, it might not stay enabled. The following could be the reason. The following is from a Microsoft MVP:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="color: #454545; font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.429em !important; padding-bottom: 15px;">
<a href="http://www.ezlan.net/wireless.html" target="_blank">My Wireless Computer does not work with a Wireless Router, or an Access Point.</a></div>
<a name='more'></a></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 30px; margin-right: 20px;">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Many new Wireless Laptops and Wireless ready Desktops come with a configuration that loads the Original Wireless manufacturer’s Utility at Startup. The Wireless connection can be maintained only by one agent; as a result most of these utilities are programmed to switch Off Windows Zero Configuration (WZC). </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 30px; margin-right: 20px;">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Many people prefer the flexibility of WZC. In such a case the 3rd party Utility has to be disabled from starting, and WZC has to be initiated again.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 30px; margin-right: 20px;">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Selective Disabling of Startup can be easily done with this,</span></span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 9pt;"><a href="http://www.ezlan.net/infestation.html#startup" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.ezlan.net/infestation.html#startup</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 30px; margin-right: 20px;">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="color: red;">Reviving WZC here, </span><a href="http://www.ezlan.net/wzc.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.ezlan.net/wzc.html</span></a></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px;">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"> It is important that the Wireless should be managed only with one application. <br /> You can use the Original Utility, or WZC. When one is used the other has to be Off<br /> (Not loaded into memory, and not maintained as active Windows service). </span></span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
Turns out, my neighbor's computer did in fact have a 3rd party service running that was preventing the WCZ Service from running. Once I uninstalled the service and enabled the Wireless Zero Configuration service, I was able to connect to the wireless network without a problem. </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-39474268288007549362013-05-07T20:42:00.000-04:002013-05-07T21:09:36.475-04:00SQL Maintaining Tables<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Table Creation</h3>
<div>
When creating a table, you should normalize the data attributes you want to store in the table. See <a href="http://www.pcrepairnorthshore.com/2013/01/sql-data-base-basics-of-sql.html" target="_blank">SQL - Data Base Basics of SQL</a> to find out about normalization.<br />
<br />
Decide on a table name, column names, primary key, and data types.<br />
<br />
<em><span style="color: blue;">Create a query to track the employees in your company. You need to track employee birthdays, age, and salary. Create a table to store employee name, department, and phone numbers.</span></em><br />
<em></em><br />
Table name: Employees<br />
Column names: EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Department, HomePhone, WorkPhone<br />
<br />
Next, go through the normalization steps to make sure you don't include data that is better suited for another table.<br />
<br />
Create a table:<br />
<br />
CREATE TABLE Employees<br />
(<br />
EmployeeID CHAR (50) Primary Key NOT
NULL,<br />
FirstName CHAR (50) NOT NULL, <br />
LastName CHAR (50) NOT NULL,
<br />
HomePhone CHAR (20),<br />
WorkPhone CHAR (20),<br />
Department CHAR
(20)<br />
);<br />
<br />
Results:<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Employees</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">EmployeeID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">WorkPhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Department</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>ALTER TABLE</b>: Lets you modify a table.<br />
<br />
<b>DROP TABLE</b>: Lets you delete a table.<br />
<br />
<b>DROP COLUMN</b>: Lets you remove a column from a table.<br />
<br />
<b>ADD COLUMN</b>: Lets you insert a column into a table.<br />
<br />
<em>note: In SQL Server, you use the keyword COLUMN to insert a new column. Only use the ADD keyword in the ALTER statement.</em><br />
<em></em><br />
<em>Add a column to the Employee's table (the employee's title).</em> Columns are added to the right of existing columns. Add the Title column to the right of the Department column.<br />
<em></em><br />
<em>note: Columns are added automatically to the end of a table, after the last column.</em><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>ALTER TABLE</b> Employees<br />
<br />
<b>ADD COLUMN</b> Title CHAR (20);<br />
<br />
Results:<br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Employees</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">EmployeeID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">WorkPhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Department</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Title</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">123456789 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jane </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Doe </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">516-644-2668 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">516-801-9897 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">BSD </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Technical Assistant </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<em><span style="color: blue;">Remove a Table</span>. </em>Remove the Employee table.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>DROP TABLE</b> Employees;<br />
<br />
<em>Create a new table like the one just deleted, but add employee address information.</em><br />
<em></em><br />
<b>CREATE TABLE</b> Employees<br />
<br />
(<br />
<br />
EmployeeID CHAR (50) Primary Key NOT NULL,<br />
<br />
FirstName CHAR (50) NOT NULL, <br />
<br />
LastName CHAR (50) NOT NULL,<br />
<br />
Address CHAR (50),<br />
<br />
City CHAR (30),<br />
<br />
State CHAR (02),<br />
<br />
PostalCode CHAR (05),<br />
<br />
HomePhone CHAR (20),<br />
<br />
WorkPhone CHAR (20),<br />
<br />
Title CHAR (20),<br />
<br />
Department CHAR (20)<br />
<br />
);<br />
<em></em><br />
<em>Results:</em><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Employees</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">EmployeeID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Address</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">City</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">State</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PostalCode</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">WorkPhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Title</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Department</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">123456789 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Sharon </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tate </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">12 Sandy Dr </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Belaire </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">TX</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">74201</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">516-664-2668 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">516-662-8970 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Technical Assistant </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">BSD </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<a href="http://www.devguru.com/technologies/jetsql/16881" target="_blank">http://www.devguru.com/technologies/jetsql/16881</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/tables/alter_table.php" target="_blank">http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/tables/alter_table.php</a></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-12905144327021306532013-04-07T21:02:00.000-04:002013-04-07T21:02:00.358-04:00SQL Inserting Data<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<b>INSERT</b>: Inserts data (rows) into an existing table using the <b>INSERT</b>, <b>INTO</b>, and <b>VALUES </b>keywords. <br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The <b>INTO </b>keyword indicates the table name. </li>
<li>The <b>VALUES </b>keyword indicates what to insert. </li>
<li>You can insert a partial row or an entire row. </li>
<li>The <b>NULL </b>keyword indicates no value.</li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><i><b></b></i></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><i><b>QueryInsertRow:</b> Insert an entire row into the database. Enter an order for Jacob Lin. The new order needed for Jacob Lin is D1002, a digital cable plan.</i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><i>
</i></span>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><i></i></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><i></i></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><i></i></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Orders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OrderDate</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CancelationDate</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/30/2011</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1/1/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/20/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/6/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/14/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/13/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/11/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
</i></span><span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Two SQL statements are needed; one to locate Jacob Lin's customer id; one to insert Jacob Lin's order.</span><br />
<br />
<b>SELECT</b> CustomerID<br />
<br />
<b>FROM</b> Customer<br />
<br />
<b>WHERE</b> FirstName = 'Jacob' AND LastName = 'Lin';<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>INSERT INTO</b> Orders (CustomerID, PlanID, OrderDate, CancelationDate)<br />
<br />
<b>VALUES</b> (4, 'D1002', '02/24/11', NULL);<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong style="background-color: #f4cccc;">Note:</strong> <strong>MYSQL</strong> users must use the following
alternate insert statement due to datatype differences:<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong>INSERT INTO</strong> Orders (CustomerID, PlanID, OrderDate,
CancelationDate)<br />
<br />
<strong>VALUES</strong> (4, 'D1002', '2011/02/24', NULL);<br />
<br />
<em>Results:</em><br />
<em></em><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Orders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OrderDate</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CancelationDate</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/20/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/24/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/6/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/13/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/14/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/11/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1/1/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/30/2008</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<em><strong style="background-color: #f4cccc;">note:</strong> Jacob Lin now has another record, CustomerID 4, PlanID D1002, OrderDate 2/24/2011.</em><br />
<em></em><br />
<em><strong><span style="background-color: #f4cccc;">note:</span> </strong>If we don't have all of the fields of the record, the missing fields will be inserted with NULL values.</em><br />
<em></em><br />
<em style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><b>QueryTransferData:</b> Create query to transfer data from one table to another table. Use <b>SELECT INTO</b> to select records from an existing table and transfer to a new table:</em><br />
<em></em><br />
<b>SELECT</b> *<br />
<br />
<b>INTO </b>NewCustomer<br />
<br />
<b>FROM</b> Customer;<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Then, transfer the records to the other table</span><br />
<br />
<em></em><br />
<b>INSERT INTO</b> Customer2 (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, HomePhone, Address,
State, City, PostalCode)<br />
<br />
<b>SELECT</b> CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, HomePhone, Address, State, City,
PostalCode<br />
<b>FROM</b> Customer;<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong>UPDATE: </strong>Changes data in the database by indicating the columns to be updated and the logic for selecting rows. Can update one row or all rows.<br />
<br />
<strong>SET: </strong>Assigns new values to indicated columns.<br />
<br />
<br />
<em style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><b>QueryUpdate:</b> Create query to update the long distance service Plan Descriptions:</em><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>ServicePlans</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanDescription</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">DiscountedPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Cable </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital cable plan </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Cell phone </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services A </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$100.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$85.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services B </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$150.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$125.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">E1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Email </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Premium e-mail </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$9.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$6.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet/email </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Local Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">In state calling </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$39.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$29.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance E </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.15</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.13</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance W </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.11</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan C Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.18</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.16</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Web Hosting </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">hosting, site creation </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<em style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Type three UPDATE statements for the long distance plan descriptions</em><br />
<br />
<b>UPDATE </b>ServicePlans<br />
<b>SET</b> PlanName = 'Long Distance (East)'<br />
<b>WHERE</b> PlanName = 'Long Distance E';<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>UPDATE</b> ServicePlans<br />
<b>SET</b> PlanName = 'Long Distance (West)'<br />
<b>WHERE</b> PlanName = 'Long Distance W;<br />
<br />
<b>UPDATE</b> ServicePlans<br />
<b>SET</b> PlanName= 'Long Distance (North)'<br />
<b>WHERE</b>
PlanName = 'Long Distance N';<em></em><br />
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span>
<em style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Type the SELECT statement to show the Service Plan table</em><br />
<br />
<b>SELECT</b> *<br />
<b>FROM</b> ServicePlans;<br />
<br />
<em>Results:</em><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QuerySvcPlans</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanDescription</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">DiscountedPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Cable </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital cable plan </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Cell phone </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services A</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$100.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$85.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services B </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$150.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$125.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">E1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Email </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Premium e-mail </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$9.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$6.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet/email </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Local Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">In state calling </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$39.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$29.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance (East) </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.15</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.13</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance (West) </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.11</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance (North) </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan C Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.10</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Web Hosting </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">hosting, site creation </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<em><strong><span style="background-color: #f4cccc;">note:</span> </strong>Do not use the WHERE keyword when you want to update every record in the table.</em><br />
<br />
<strong>DELETE</strong>: The delete keyword deletes entire rows from a database. DELETE can delete single rows, multiple rows, or all rows from a table.<br />
<br />
<em style="background-color: #fce5cd;">QueryDelete: Create a query using the DELETE statement to delete PlanID D1101 and replace all customers having PlanID D1101 to PlanID D2202:</em><br />
<em></em><br />
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Query to find out who has PlanID D1101 and their customer number. Then, write a query to display their customer information.</span><br />
<br />
<b>SELECT</b> *<br />
<br />
<b>FROM</b> Customer<br />
<br />
<b>WHERE</b> CustomerID <br />
<br />
<b>IN </b><br />
<br />
(<b>SELECT</b> CustomerID<br />
<br />
<b>FROM</b> Orders<br />
<br />
<b>WHERE</b> PlanID IN ('D1101'))<br />
<em>Results:</em><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QueryCustNo</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Address</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">State</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">City</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PostalCode</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 215-5551 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1544 33rd Ave E </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">The next step is to change the above CustomerID 6 PlanID from D1101 to D2202. Then, delete PlanID D1101 from the PlanID table.</span><br />
<br />
The following table shows the <b>Orders</b> table:<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Orders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OrderDate</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CancelationDate</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/20/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/24/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/6/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/13/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/14/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/11/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1/1/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/30/2008</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Update the PlanID</span><br />
<br />
<b>UPDATE</b> Orders<br />
<br />
<b>SET</b> PlanID = 'D2202'<br />
<br />
<b>WHERE</b> PlanID = 'D1101';<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Delete PlanID D1101 from the Service Plan Table. The Service Plan Table before the DELETE:</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>ServicePlans</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanDescription</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">DiscountedPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Cable </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital cable plan </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Cell phone </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services A </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$100.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$85.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services B </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$150.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$125.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">E1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Email </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Premium e-mail </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$9.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$6.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet/email </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Local Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">In state calling </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$39.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$29.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance (East) </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.15</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.13</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance (West) </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.11</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan C Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.18</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.16</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Web Hosting </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">hosting, site creation </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Now, delete the PlanID D1101</span><br />
<br />
<b>DELETE FROM</b> ServicePlans<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>WHERE</b> PlanID = 'D1101';<br />
<br />
<em>Results:</em><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>ServicePlans</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanDescription</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">DiscountedPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Cable </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital cable plan </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Cell phone </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services B </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$150.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$125.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">E1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Email </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Premium e-mail </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$9.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$6.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet/email </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Local Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">In state calling </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$39.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$29.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance (East) </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.15</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.13</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance (West) </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.11</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan C Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.18</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.16</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Web Hosting </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">hosting, site creation </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_insert.asp" target="_blank">http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_insert.asp</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-insert-statement.htm" target="_blank">http://beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-insert-statement.htm</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.sqlcourse.com/insert.html" target="_blank">http://www.sqlcourse.com/insert.html</a></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-75485770281780616612013-03-10T16:57:00.000-04:002013-03-10T16:57:00.085-04:00SQL Table Joins<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JaYnoaXglGM/USk0ApeEr_I/AAAAAAAABhc/24-3_85qBJo/s1600/IMG_2093.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JaYnoaXglGM/USk0ApeEr_I/AAAAAAAABhc/24-3_85qBJo/s200/IMG_2093.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Friends</td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
A <b>SQL JOIN </b><i>combines</i> data from <span style="color: red;">two or more</span> tables based on matching keys indicated in the SELECT statement. The<span style="color: #999999;"> </span><span style="color: red;">matching</span><span style="color: #999999;"> </span><span style="color: red;">keys </span>are what creates the relationship between tables and uniquely identify the rows in a table.</div>
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<b>INNER JOIN:</b> This is the most common type of join and is considered the <i>default join type</i>. The inner join, sometimes referred to as an <b>EQIJOIN</b>, only brings back data that is a <span style="color: red;">match between both tables</span> being joined. In the example below:</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>SELECT</b> statement states that we want all (*) columns from both tables.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>FROM </b>indicates the first table wanted.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>INNER JOIN</b> keyword specifies the other table we want to join to, the Orders table.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>ON</b> keyword is used in conjunction with the I<b>NNER JOIN</b> keyword to indicate how the two tables are to be joined, in this example, the CustomerID of the Customers and Orders table. Customers.CustomerID and Orders.CustomerID is the format because the CustomerID name column is the same in both tables.</div>
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Example:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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<div style="text-align: left;">
SELECT *</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
FROM Customers</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
INNER JOIN Orders</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
On Customers.CustomerID = Orders. CustomerID</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><b>note: </b>If you fail to indicate the relationship between the two tables, you will end up with a <b>Cartesian </b>product. A Cartesian product causes each row from the first table to be multiplied by the total number or rows from the second table.</i></div>
<a name='more'></a><div style="text-align: left;">
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<i><br /></i>
<i style="background-color: #fce5cd;">QueryCustOrders: List Customers Name and Date of Purchases.</i></div>
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Use an INNER JOIN to extract data from the Customers and Orders table.</div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>Customer</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Address</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">State</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">City</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PostalCode</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Steve</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Dentins </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 897-4321 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> 2211 22nd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">GA</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Atlanta </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98718</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Sam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Elliot </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(719) 898-2134 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1601 Center loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tampa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98982</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Adam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Williams </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(898) 321-2234 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3890-A Cherry loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">ND</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Fargo </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">58729</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jacob </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lin</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2609 40th Ave S </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OK</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tulsa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">36711</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Timothy </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Coney </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(202) 827-4331 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1900 3rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OR</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Salem </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">44812</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 215-5551 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1544 33rd Ave E </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tina </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">West </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 565-4984 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1000 45th Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Shawn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Leaven </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 248-8854 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1908 22nd Ave S </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98912</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jackie </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Justin </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1800 4rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98902</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lilly </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Ward </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 244-5522 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1010 33rd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98909</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">12</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Larry </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Carr </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 423-7894 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">114 - C 45th Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HI</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Honolulu </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">96818</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">13</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lisa </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Glenn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 421-7515 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1542 33rd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HI</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Honolulu </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">96818</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>Orders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OrderDate</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CancelationDate</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/30/2001</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1/1/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/20/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/6/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/14/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/13/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/11/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Select the FirstName, LastName, and Order Date from the Customers and Orders table. In the WHERE clause, specify the relationship between the two tables, CustomerID.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SELECT FirstName, LastName, OrderDate</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
FROM Customer, Orders</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
WHERE
Customer.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID;</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em>Results:</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>QueryCustOrders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OrderDate</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Steve</span></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Dentins </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/2009</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lilly </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Ward </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lilly </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Ward </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lilly </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Ward </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1/1/2010</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Sam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Elliot </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Sam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Elliot </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Sam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Elliot </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/20/2011</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Adam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Williams </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Adam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Williams </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jacob </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lin</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tina </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">West </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2011</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Timothy </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Coney </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/6/2009</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Shawn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Leaven </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/14/2009</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tina </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">West </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/13/2011</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jacob </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lincoln </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Shawn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Leaven </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Shawn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Leaven </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jackie </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Justin </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/11/2010</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Self-Join</b>: Lets you join a table to itself and are tables that have a column that refers to another column in the same table.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>alias</b>: Use the AS keyword to use a substitute name for a field.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>natural join</b>: a type of equi-join where the common columns are compared with each other and listed only once. Most experts agree this type of join is dangerous, in case a new column is mistakenly added with the same name.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i style="background-color: #fce5cd;">QuerySvcPlanDesc: List PlanIds and ServicePlan Descriptions. Determine if there are duplicate PlanIds with different ServicePlan Descriptions. Every PlanId is unique, so </i><i style="background-color: #fce5cd;">using a Self-Join will display any duplicate PlanId with a different ServicePlan Description.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><br /></i>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>ServicePlans</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanDescription</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">DiscountedPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Cable </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital cable plan </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Cell phone plan</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services A </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$100.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$85.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services B </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$150.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$125.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">E1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Email </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Premium e-mail </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$9.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$6.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet/email </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Local Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">In state calling </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$39.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$29.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance A </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.12</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.11</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance B </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.08</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance C </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan C Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.10</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Web Hosting </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">hosting, site creation </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Create alias names because of the self-join so the DBMS thinks the tables are different. Check PlanIDs for equality and PlanDescriptions for inequality.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SELECT p1.PlanID, p1.PlanDescription,</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
p2.PlanID,
p2.PlanDescription</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
FROM ServicePlans AS p1, ServicePlans AS p2</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
WHERE
p1.PlanID = p2.PlanID</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
AND p1.PlanDescription <> p2.PlanDescription;</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em>Results:</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>QuerySvcPlanDesc</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">p1.PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">p1.PlanDescription</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">p2.PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">p2.PlanDescription</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">QueryCustOrderSvcPlan: Create a query to get data from three different tables, Customer, Orders and ServicePlan, tables. Create aliases for the tables. Display the D1002 PlanID in the Orders table.</span></em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>Customer</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Address</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">State</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">City</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PostalCode</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Steve</span></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Dentins </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 897-4321 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> 2211 22nd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">GA</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Atlanta </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98718</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Sam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Elliot </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(719) 898-2134 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1601 Center loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tampa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98982</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Adam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Williams </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(898) 321-2234 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3890-A Cherry loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">ND</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Fargo </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">58729</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jacob </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lin</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2609 40th Ave S </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OK</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tulsa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">36711</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Timothy </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Coney </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(202) 827-4331 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1900 3rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OR</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Salem </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">44812</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 215-5551 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1544 33rd Ave E </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tina </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">West </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 565-4984 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1000 45th Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Shawn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Leaven </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 248-8854 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1908 22nd Ave S </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98912</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jackie </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Justin </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1800 4rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98902</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lilly </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Ward </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 244-5522 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1010 33rd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98909</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">12</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Larry </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Carr </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 423-7894 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">114 - C 45th Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HI</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Honolulu </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">96818</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">13</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lisa </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Glenn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 421-7515 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1542 33rd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HI</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Honolulu </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">96818</span></td>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>Orders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OrderDate</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CancelationDate</span></th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/30/2001</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1/1/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/20/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/6/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/14/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/13/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/11/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>ServicePlans</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanDescription</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">DiscountedPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Cable </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital cable plan </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Cell phone Plan</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services A </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$100.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$85.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services B </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$150.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$125.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">E1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Email </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Premium e-mail </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$9.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$6.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet/email </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Local Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">In state calling </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$39.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$29.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance A </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.12</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.11</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance B </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.08</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance C </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan C Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.10</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Web Hosting </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">hosting, site creation </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SELECT O.*, C.FirstName, C.LastName, SP.PlanName</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
FROM Customer AS C,
Orders AS O, ServicePlans AS SP</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
WHERE C.CustomerID = O.CustomerID</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
AND
SP.PlanID = O.PlanID</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
AND O.PlanID = 'D1002';</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em>Results:</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>QueryCustOrderSvcPlan</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OrderDate</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CancelationDate</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanName</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">John </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Dentins </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Cable </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/30/2001</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lilly </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Ward </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Cable </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Cable </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>OUTER JOIN</b>: Does not require a match between the records in the joined tables. Each record is retained, even if no matching record exists. There are three types of outer joins:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>LEFT OUTER JOIN (LEFT JOIN)</b>. Selects all records to the left of the LEFT OUTER JOIN keyword in the FROM clause.</li>
<li><b>RIGHT OUTER JOIN (RIGHT JOIN)</b>. Selects all records to the right of the RIGHT OUTER JOIN keyword in the FROM clause.</li>
<li><b>FULL OUTER JOIN (FULL JOIN)</b>. Selects all records from both tables in both directions, even if there is no match.</li>
</ol>
<i><b>note: </b>MYSQL does not recognize a full join.</i><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
</ol>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">QueryCustNoOrder: Create a query to list all customers ids with PlanIds, even if they do not have an order. Use an Outer Join.</span></em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span></em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>Customer</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Address</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">State</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">City</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PostalCode</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Steve</span></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Dentins </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 897-4321 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> 2211 22nd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">GA</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Atlanta </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98718</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Sam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Elliot </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(719) 898-2134 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1601 Center loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tampa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98982</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Adam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Williams </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(898) 321-2234 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3890-A Cherry loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">ND</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Fargo </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">58729</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jacob </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lin</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2609 40th Ave S </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OK</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tulsa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">36711</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Timothy </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Coney </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(202) 827-4331 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1900 3rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OR</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Salem </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">44812</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 215-5551 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1544 33rd Ave E </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tina </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">West </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 565-4984 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1000 45th Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Shawn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Leaven </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 248-8854 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1908 22nd Ave S </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98912</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jackie </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Justin </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1800 4rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98902</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lilly </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Ward </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 244-5522 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1010 33rd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98909</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">12</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Larry </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Carr </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 423-7894 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">114 - C 45th Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HI</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Honolulu </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">96818</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">13</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lisa </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Glenn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 421-7515 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1542 33rd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HI</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Honolulu </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">96818</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>Orders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OrderDate</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CancelationDate</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/30/2001</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1/1/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/20/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/6/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/14/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/13/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/11/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SELECT Customer.CustomerID, Orders.PlanID</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
FROM Customer LEFT OUTER JOIN
Orders</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
ON Customer.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID;</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><b>note</b>: LEFT OUTER JOIN selects all the records from</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em>the table noted to the left of the keyword LEFT OUTER JOIN.</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em>Results:</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br /></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: left;"><caption><b>QueryCustNoOrders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">12</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">13</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Every customer id and planid is displayed, including the customer ids with no orders.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><b>note:</b> Some DBMS's do not recognize the LEFT OUTER JOIN keyword. The following operator is used, instead of the LEFT OUTER JOIN keyword and is used in the WHERE clause: *=</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em>Example:</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SELECT Customer.CustomerID, Orders.PlanID</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
FROM Customer, Orders</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
WHERE
Customer.CustomerID *= Orders.CustomerID;</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Versions of Oracle 9i and greater can use the LEFT OUTER JOIN, and the older (+) syntax.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i style="background-color: #fce5cd;">QueryCustSvcPlanNoOrder: List Customer PlanIds and ServicePlans, even the ServicePlans that have not been ordered. Use the RIGHT OUTER JOIN.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SELECT Orders.CustomerID, ServicePlans.PlanID</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
FROM Orders RIGHT OUTER JOIN
ServicePlans</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
ON Orders.PlanID = ServicePlans.PlanID;</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em>note: RIGHT OUTER JOIN selects all the records from</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em>the table noted to the right of the keyword RIGHT OUTER JOIN.</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><br />Results:<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QueryCustSvcPlanNoOrder</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">E1001 </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><b>note:</b> Some DBMS's do not recognize the RIGHT OUTER JOIN keyword. The following operator is used, instead of the RIGHT OUTER JOIN keyword and is used in the WHERE clause: =*</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em></em> </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em>Example:</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SELECT Orders.CustomerID, ServicePlans.PlanID</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
FROM Orders,
ServicePlans</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
WHERE Orders.PlanID =* ServicePlans.PlanID;</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Versions of Oracle 9i and greater can use the RIGHT OUTER JOIN, and the older (+) syntax.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em></em><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_join.asp" target="_blank">http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_join.asp</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.tizag.com/sqlTutorial/sqljoin.php" target="_blank">http://www.tizag.com/sqlTutorial/sqljoin.php</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Language-SQL-Access-Relational-Databases/dp/143545751X" target="_blank">http://www.amazon.com/Language-SQL-Access-Relational-Databases/dp/143545751X</a></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-69637061240198921592013-02-21T23:03:00.001-05:002013-02-23T16:53:10.565-05:00SQL Subqueries<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<script src="http://cdn.printfriendly.com/printfriendly.js" type="text/javascript"></script><a class="printfriendly" href="http://www.printfriendly.com/" onclick="window.print(); return false;" style="color: #6d9f00; text-decoration: none;" title="Printer Friendly and PDF"><img alt="Print Friendly and PDF" src="http://cdn.printfriendly.com/button-print-blu20.png" style="border: currentColor;" /></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rAPYRmymbjg/USbtBW8UZrI/AAAAAAAABgc/0sTGc3hX-wg/s1600/IMG_2183.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rAPYRmymbjg/USbtBW8UZrI/AAAAAAAABgc/0sTGc3hX-wg/s200/IMG_2183.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tremblant, Quebec</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
It is possible for SQL queries to contain other queries, called <b>subqueries</b>. The values of one query are passed to another query.</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #e69138;">Subqueries can be utilized in <b>SELECT</b> statements, as well as the <b>INSERT, UPDATE</b>, and <b>DELETE </b>statements.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Subqueries allow you to connect queries together, so that you can query more than one table at a time.</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #e69138;">Subqueries can either be nested within another query or it can be connected to another query using a keyword.</span> When the subquery is <i><span style="color: blue;">nested</span></i> in a <b>SELECT</b> statement, the <span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">innermost</span> <span style="color: blue;">query</span> is processed first. When a subquery is <i><span style="color: blue;">connected</span></i> to another query using a <b>keyword</b>, the <span style="color: blue;">last subquery</span> is processed first.</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i><b>note: </b>MySQL versions that are prior to version 4.1 do not support subqueries. MySQL uses JOINS to accomplish the same thing as subqueries.</i><br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i><br /></i><i><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">1. Create a query to find the name and address of customers with </span></i><em style="background-color: #fce5cd;">W1001 and L2003 and D1002</em><i><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">. The </span><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">information is contained in two tables, <b>Customer </b>and <b>Orders</b>.</span></i></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i><br /></i><i><b>note: IS NULL</b> is used to check columns for null values</i></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<em></em><br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This is the <b>Orders </b>table:</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Orders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OrderDate</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CancellationDate</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/30/2008</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2008</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1/1/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/20/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/6/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/14/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/13/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2/15/2011</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/17/2009</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/11/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
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<em></em><br /></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><em>a) Query the <b>Orders</b> table for the customers with PlanIds W1001 and L2003 and D1002. Check to make sure Cancellaton Date IS NULL values:</em></span><br />
<br />
<i><b>QueryOrders</b>:</i></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span><br /></div>
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SELECT CustomerID<br />
FROM Orders</div>
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WHERE CancelationDate IS NULL</div>
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AND
PlanID IN ('W1001', 'L2003','D1002'); </div>
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<em>Results:</em>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QueryOrders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
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This is the <b>Customer</b> table:</div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Customer</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Address</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">State</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">City</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PostalCode</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Steve</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Dentins </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 897-4321 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> 2211 22nd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">GA</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Atlanta </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98718</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Sam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Elliot </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(719) 898-2134 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1601 Center loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tampa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98982</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Tom</span></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Williams </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(898) 321-2234 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3890-A Cherry loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">ND</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Fargo </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">58729</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jacob </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lin</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2609 40th Ave S </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OK</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tulsa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">36711</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Timothy </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Coney </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(202) 827-4331 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1900 3rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OR</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Salem </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">44812</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 215-5551 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1544 33rd Ave E </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tina </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">West </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 565-4984 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1000 45th Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Shawn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Leaven </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 248-8854 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1908 22nd Ave S </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98912</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jackie </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Justin </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1800 4rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98902</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lilly </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Ward </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 244-5522 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1010 33rd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98909</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Larry </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Carr </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 423-7894 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">114 - C 45th Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HI</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Honolulu </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">96818</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lisa </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Glenn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 421-7515 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1542 33rd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HI</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Honolulu </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">96818</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
</div>
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<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">b) Query the <b>Customer</b> table to get the name and address of the customers returned by the first query, <b>QueryOrders</b>:</span></em></div>
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<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
SELECT *</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
FROM Customer</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
WHERE CustomerID;</div>
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<br /></div>
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<em>Results:</em></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QueryCustomers</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Address</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">State</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">City</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PostalCode</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Steve</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Dentins </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 897-4321 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> 2211 22nd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">GA</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Atlanta </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98718</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Sam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Elliot </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(719) 898-2134 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1601 Center loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tampa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98982</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Tom</span></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Williams </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(898) 321-2234 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3890-A Cherry loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">ND</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Fargo </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">58729</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jacob </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lin</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2609 40th Ave S </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OK</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tulsa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">36711</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Timothy </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Coney </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(202) 827-4331 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1900 3rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OR</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Salem </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">44812</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 215-5551 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1544 33rd Ave E </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tina </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">West </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 565-4984 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1000 45th Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Shawn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Leaven </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 248-8854 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1908 22nd Ave S </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98912</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jackie </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Justin </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1800 4rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98902</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lilly </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Ward </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 244-5522 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1010 33rd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98909</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">12</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Larry </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Carr </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 423-7894 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">114 - C 45th Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HI</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Honolulu </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">96818</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">13</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lisa </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Glenn </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 421-7515 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1542 33rd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HI</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Honolulu </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">96818</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Connect the queries using the <b>IN</b> keyword. Because the last query is processed first, working upward, make <b><i>QueryOrders</i></b> the subquery by surrounding it with parenthesis:</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
SELECT *</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
FROM Customer</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
WHERE CustomerID</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
IN</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
(SELECT CustomerID</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
FROM Orders</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
WHERE CancelationDate IS NULL</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
AND
PlanID IN ('W1001', 'L2003','D1002'));</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<em>Results:</em></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
</div>
<em></em><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<em><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span></em><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QuerySubQuery</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Address</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">State</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">City</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PostalCode</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Steve</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Dentins </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(808) 897-4321 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> 2211 22nd Ave N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">GA</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Atlanta </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98718</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Sam </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Elliot </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(719) 898-2134 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1601 Center loop </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tampa </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98982</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 215-5551 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1544 33rd Ave E </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98911</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jackie </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Justin </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1800 4rd St. N </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FL</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Miami </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">98902</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">2. Create Query to list a description of service plans that Shawn Leaven purchased:</span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span><br /></div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="display: inline !important;" trbidi="on">
<div style="display: inline !important;">
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="display: inline !important;" trbidi="on">
<div style="display: inline !important;">
The<b> Customer</b>, <b>Orders</b>, and <b>Service Plan</b> tables should be queried.</div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span><br />
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">a) Query the <b>Customer</b> table:</span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
SELECT CustomerID</div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
FROM Customer</div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
WHERE FirstName ='Shawn' AND LastName =
'Leaven';</div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
Results:</div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Querya</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">b) Query the <b>Orders</b> table to get the plans Shawn Leaven purchased:</span><br />
<br />
SELECT PlanID<br />
FROM Orders<br />
WHERE CustomerID;</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">c) Query the <b>ServicePlans</b> table using the PlanIds retreived from <b>Queryb </b>to get the service plan descriptions for Shawn Leaven. :</span><br />
<br />
Here is the <b>ServicePlans</b> table:<br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>ServicePlans</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanDescription</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">DiscountedPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Cable </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital cable plan </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Digital Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Cell phone Plan</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$40.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$35.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services A </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$100.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$85.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D2202 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Data IP Services B </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Data/IP services </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$150.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$125.00</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">E1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Email </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Premium e-mail </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$9.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$6.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet/email </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Local Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">In state calling </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$39.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$29.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance A </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.12</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.11</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance B </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan B Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.08</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2004 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance C </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan C Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.10</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.09</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Web Hosting </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">hosting, site creation </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-style: italic; text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<b>Queryc</b>:<br />
<br />
SELECT *<br />
FROM ServicePlans<br />
WHERE PlanID;<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<i>
Now, reverse the order of the queries so that <b>Queryc </b>is the first query and put parenthesis around <b>Querya</b> and <b>Queryb</b> to make subqueries and join them with the <b>IN</b> keyword:</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<i>
SELECT *</i><br />
<i>
FROM ServicePlans</i><br />
<i>
WHERE PlanID</i><br />
<br />
<i>
IN</i><br />
<br />
<i>
(SELECT PlanID</i><br />
<i>
FROM Orders</i><br />
<i>
WHERE CustomerID</i><br />
<br />
<i>
IN</i><br />
<br />
<i>
(SELECT CustomerID</i><br />
<i>
FROM Customer</i><br />
<i>
WHERE FirstName ='Shawn' AND LastName = 'Leaven'));</i><br />
<br />
<em style="font-style: italic;">Results:</em><br />
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QuerySvcPlanSL</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanDescription</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">DiscountedPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I1001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet/email </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$19.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$16.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2001 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Local Phone </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">In state calling </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$39.00</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$29.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2002 </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Long Distance A </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Plan A Out of state per/min </span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.12</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$0.11</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
</div>
<h4>
Using Calculated Fields</h4>
<strong>DATEPART (</strong>DatePart, DateValue)<br />
<br />
In Microsoft SQL Server, the <strong>DATEPART </strong>function allows you to analyze a date and return a value. <br />
<br />
The <em>DatePart</em> argument can be any part of the date, such as year, quarter, month, dayofyear, day, week, weekday, hour, minute, and second. The <em>DateValue</em> arguement is the date.<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span><br />
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">3. Create a query using the <b>DATEPART</b> function to show the customers who purchased a service plan in 2010, listing the first and last names with the phone number.</span></em><br />
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br />
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br />
<em></em><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><em><b>Query1</b>: </em>The <strong>Orders</strong> table should be queried to get the customer id (see <strong>Orders</strong> table above).</span><br />
<br />
SELECT CustomerID<br />
FROM Orders<br />
WHERE DATEPART ('yyyy', OrderDate) =
2010;<br />
<br />
<em>Results:</em><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Query1</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustomerID</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br />
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br />
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><em><b>Query 2</b>: Create a query to list the names and phone numbers of the customers selected from <b>Query1</b>, by combining two queries:</em></span><br />
<br />
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><em><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Query2</b>:</span></em> <em></em></span><br />
<br />
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br />
SELECT FirstName, LastName, HomePhone<br />
FROM Customer<br />
WHERE CustomerID<br />
<br />
IN<br />
<br />
(SELECT CustomerID <br />
FROM Orders<br />
WHERE DATEPART ('yyyy', OrderDate) = 2010);<br />
<br />
<em>Results:</em><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Query2</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HomePhone</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Tom</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Williams </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(898) 321-2234 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Jill </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Stephens </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 215-5551 </span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Lilly </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Ward </span></td>
<td bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">(813) 244-5522 </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<em><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span></em><br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-4808237582548255992013-02-12T12:32:00.000-05:002013-02-12T22:31:33.312-05:00SQL: Summarizing and Grouping Data<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VUhmGFuBfVY/URp6mpFuBcI/AAAAAAAABfA/MVVfFTTgFIs/s1600/medium_922432859.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="143" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VUhmGFuBfVY/URp6mpFuBcI/AAAAAAAABfA/MVVfFTTgFIs/s200/medium_922432859.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://www.flickr.com/photos/konnecke/922432859/</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Data Summarization</h3>
<div>
SQL has aggregate functions that allow you to summarize large volumes of data. Summarizing data helps to determine trends. Many times data needs to be summarized with reports. Aggregate functions</div>
<div>
take the values of multiple rows grouped together, i.e., values stored in a column, and returns a single value. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>Common aggregate Microsoft SQL functions:</b><br />
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="min-height: 14px;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">AVG()</span>: Returns the average of data stored in a column</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">COUNT(*)</span>: Counts the rows in a table (including NULL values)<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">COUNT (Column name)</span>: Counts the rows in a column (excluding Null values)<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">FIRST()</span>: Returns the first value stored in a column<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">LAST()</span>: Returns the last value stored in a column<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">MAX()</span>: Returns the highest value stored in a column<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">MIN()</span>: Returns the lowest value stored in a column<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">SUM()</span>: Returns the sum of values stored in a column<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><caption><b>Service Plans</b></caption></span>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">SvcID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">SvcName</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">SvcDesc</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">SvcPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">DiscountPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">1</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">TV</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">TV Plan</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$64.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$59.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Phone</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Home Phone</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$44.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$39.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet Access</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$54.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$49.99</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Bundle</span></td>
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Internet, Router, Unlimited Calling</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$79.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$74.99</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">Create query to find the highest price and the highest discounted price:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">SELECT MAX (SvcPrice) AS HighestPrice, MAX (DiscountPrice) AS HighestDiscountPrice</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">FROM [Service Plans];</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><caption><b>QryHighPrice</b></caption></span>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HighestPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">HighestDiscountPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$79.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$74.99</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yvI6rvU_uXA/URQFW7pmQwI/AAAAAAAABeQ/BB10vEZTmxM/s1600/IMG_2149.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> </div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">Create query to find the lowest price and lowest discounted price:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">SELECT MIN (SvcPrice) AS LowestPrice, MIN (DiscountPrice) AS LowestDiscountPrice</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM [Service Plans];</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><caption><b>QryLowPrice</b></caption></span>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LowestPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LowestDiscountPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$44.99</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$39.99</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">Create query to find the average price and average discounted price:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">SELECT AVG (SvcPrice) AS AvgPrice, AVG (DiscountPrice) AS AvgDiscountPrice</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">FROM [Service Plans};</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"><caption><b>QryAvgPriceandDiscountPrice</b></caption></span>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">AvgPrice</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">AvgPriceDiscountPrice</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$61.24</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">$56.24</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-njUbLPXHrAY/URQE914yg8I/AAAAAAAABeI/3Po-G3dPx5s/s1600/IMG_2150.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;"><b>Microsoft </b>does not support the DISTINCT function within most functions.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;">The SELECT statement allows you to use multiple aggregate functions.</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Table Creation</h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">Create a table to track customer orders:</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>Orders</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">PlanID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">OrderDate</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustID</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/1999</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">4</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/1999</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">w1001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">l2003</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">W1001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L2003</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2010</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">l1001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/20/2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">8</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">l2002</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2000</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">9</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">l2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/10/2000</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">10</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">l2004</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/15/2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">l2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">7/15/2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">12</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">L1001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6/1/1999</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">13</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1101</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2000</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">14</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2000</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">15</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">D1002</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/4/2000</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">16</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">l2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/13/2000</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">17</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">l2004</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">18</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I2004</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/15/2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">19</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">20</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">i2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/14/2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">21</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">12002</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5/15/2001</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#eeece1"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">21</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Creating Groups</h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<strong>GROUP BY: </strong>The <b>GROUP BY</b> clause is is used with aggregate functions to combine groups or rows of data into a single record.<br />
<br />
Every keyword specified in the <b>SELECT</b> keyword must also be used in the <b>GROUP BY</b> clause.<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">Create a query to find the total number of service plans for customers 5 and 6 and then group the results:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT CustID, COUNT (*) AS TotalCount <br />FROM Orders <br />WHERE
CustID IN (5,6)<br />GROUP BY CustID;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QryTotalCount</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">TotalCount</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">Create a query to find the last order date for customers 5 and 6 and group the results:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">SELECT CustID, MAX (OrderDate) AS LastOrder</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">FROM Orders</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">WHERE CustID IN 5,6)</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">GROUP BY CustID;</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QryLastOrderDt</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">LastOrder</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2001</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2010</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Filtering Groups</h4>
<div>
<b>HAVING: </b>The <b>HAVING </b>clause is used with the <b>GROUP BY </b>clause to filter groups of data (instead of rows of data) using aggregate functions, such as <b>AVG (), COUNT (), MAX (), MIN (), SUM ()</b>. The <b>HAVING </b>clause <i>must</i> be placed <i>after</i> the <b>GROUP BY </b>clause. All column names specified after the SELECT keyword, must be be present in the GROUP BY clause.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">Create a query to list customers with at least two service plans:</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">SELECT CustID, COUNT (*) AS SvcPlans</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">FROM Orders</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">GROUP BY CustID</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">HAVING COUNT (*) >=2;</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QrySvcPlans</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">SvcPlans</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">21</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">Create a query to find a customers 5 and 6 first OrderDate:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT CustID, MIN (OrderDate) AS FirstOrderDate</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Orders</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">GROUP BY CustID</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">HAVING CustID IN (5,6);</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QryFirstOrderDate</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">FirstOrderDate</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">11/11/1999</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">3/15/2001</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">Create a query to find the total number of service plans for customers 5 and 6:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">SELECT CustID, COUNT (*) AS TotalCount</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">FROM Orders</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">GROUP BY CustID</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">HAVING CustID IN (5,6);</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="1" cellspacing="0"><caption><b>QryTotalCount</b></caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">CustID</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" bordercolor="#000000"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">TotalCount</span></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">5</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">6</span></td>
<td align="RIGHT" bordercolor="#d0d7e5"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">2</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot></tfoot>
</table>
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">
</span></span></div>
<div>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_function" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_function</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://databases.about.com/od/sql/l/aaaggregate1.htm" target="_blank">http://databases.about.com/od/sql/l/aaaggregate1.htm</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173454.aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms173454.aspx</a></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-58234416941844006122013-01-27T15:38:00.000-05:002013-01-30T21:56:28.789-05:00SQL - Calculated Fields and Functions<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<script src="http://cdn.printfriendly.com/printfriendly.js" type="text/javascript"></script><a class="printfriendly" href="http://www.printfriendly.com/" onclick="window.print(); return false;" style="color: #6d9f00; text-decoration: none;" title="Printer Friendly and PDF"><img alt="Print Friendly and PDF" src="http://cdn.printfriendly.com/button-print-blu20.png" style="border: none;" /></a><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zpEeJQGNFI0/UQP6nP5pQ7I/AAAAAAAABZE/EqFQbTHRe6E/s1600/IMG_2101.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="156" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zpEeJQGNFI0/UQP6nP5pQ7I/AAAAAAAABZE/EqFQbTHRe6E/s640/IMG_2101.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Customer Table<br />
<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
To create a new database in Microsoft Access:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Open Microsoft Access and click <b>Blank Database </b>under the <b>New </b>Blank Database heading. </li>
<li>Name the database in the File Name box on the right side of the screen. Click the folder icon to place the database where you want. </li>
<li>Afterwards, click <b>Create </b>to save the database you just created.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
To create a query using Microsoft Access 2010:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Switch to <b>SQL View</b> by clicking <b>Create </b>from the menu running across the top of the screen.</li>
<li>Click the <b>Query Design</b> button, causing the Show Table dialog box to appear. </li>
<li>Click <b>Close </b>in the dialog box without selecting a table. </li>
<li>Locate the <b>View </b>drop-down button near the top left. </li>
<li>Click the down arrow and select <b>SQL View</b>. This is the place to type the SQL script. </li>
<li>To execute the script in<b> SQL View</b>, click on the <b>Run </b>button.</li>
</ul>
<a name='more'></a><h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Concatenating Data</h3>
<b>concatenation (&) symbol: </b>used to bring two columns together to form a single column.<br />
<br />
We want to create address labels from the above table. First, we need to join the <span style="color: blue;">FirstName</span> and the <span style="color: blue;">LastName </span>together separating them with a space. <i>Example:</i><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName&' '&LastName</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Z2gwNsi-EzE/UQUxKmEA8sI/AAAAAAAABZo/SV2N0wv_Xhc/s1600/Name.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="221" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Z2gwNsi-EzE/UQUxKmEA8sI/AAAAAAAABZo/SV2N0wv_Xhc/s400/Name.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Concatenate First and Last Name</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
The second query displays the <span style="color: blue;">Address</span> column. <i>Example:</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9iQGMGjEse8/UQUyAf9K6KI/AAAAAAAABZ4/A8PdRgh1ZGw/s1600/Street+.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="268" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9iQGMGjEse8/UQUyAf9K6KI/AAAAAAAABZ4/A8PdRgh1ZGw/s400/Street+.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Display Address</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i><br /></i>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT Address</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
The third query merges <span style="color: blue;">City, State,</span> and<span style="color: blue;"> ZipCode.</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT RTrim(City)&','&RTRIM(State)&' '&ZipCode </span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer;</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e25rT52jSyI/UQUxiKBBFdI/AAAAAAAABZw/w6QeppZm2q8/s1600/Address.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e25rT52jSyI/UQUxiKBBFdI/AAAAAAAABZw/w6QeppZm2q8/s400/Address.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Concatenate City, State, and ZipCode</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<i><b>note: </b>the above three queries could have been written as one query.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i><b>note: </b>The column heading defaulted to Expr1000 because I didn't indicate what to display the column heading AS. Be sure to use the AS command to specify how to display the fields.</i><br />
<b><i><br /></i></b>
<i><b>note: SQL Server </b>uses the plus sign (+) for concatenation.</i><br />
<b><i><br /></i></b>
<i><b>note: Oracle</b> uses the double pipe (||) symbols for concatenation.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i><b>note: Microsoft SQL Server </b>rules state that you cannot concatenate a column with an <b>INTEGER</b> datatype. You must first convert the datatype to a text datatype, temporarily, using the <b>CAST() </b>function. Two arguments are required, column name and the datatype to convert to. The <b>AS </b>keyword specifies the datatype. Example:</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<span style="color: blue;">CAST (column name AS datatype)</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<i><b>note: </b>Because of datatype differences in some versions of Access, the following SQL script might need to be used for concatenation on the above first and third query:</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT RTRIM (FirstName)&' ' &LastName</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT RTRIM (City)& ',' & RTRIM (State)& ' ' &ZipCode</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<i><b>note: MYSQL </b>does not support the || and & operators to concatenate strings. Instead, use the <b>CONCAT () </b>function. The <b>CONCAT () </b>function uses any number of arguments:</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT CONCAT (FirstName," ", LastName)</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
How to Create Calculated Fields</h3>
<div>
<b>alias: </b>A name substituted for the actual name of a field; the <b>AS </b>keyword is used to assign an alias.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>calculated fields: </b>These fields allow you to perform mathematical calculations on the retrieved data.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Create a Service Plan Table:</span></h4>
<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hYRp8AqazTU/UQncwQcXHyI/AAAAAAAABcM/fk11MvrgY1g/s1600/Service+Plan+Tble.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="281" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hYRp8AqazTU/UQncwQcXHyI/AAAAAAAABcM/fk11MvrgY1g/s640/Service+Plan+Tble.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Service Plan Table</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><br /></span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Create a query to find the difference between two prices using calculated fields and display result as new field:</span></h4>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT SvcID, SvcName, SvcPrice, DiscountPrice,</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">(SvcPrice - DiscountPrice) AS Difference</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM [Service Plans]</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">ORDER BY SvcName;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yLDN9G97LOo/UQUzshF5KJI/AAAAAAAABac/aTy34jjcmMI/s1600/SvcPlanPriceDiff.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="235" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yLDN9G97LOo/UQUzshF5KJI/AAAAAAAABac/aTy34jjcmMI/s640/SvcPlanPriceDiff.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Query for Service Plan Price Difference</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Create a query to </span><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">increase prices on SvcID 1 and 2 using calculated fields and display a new column with the price increase:</span></h4>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT SvcID, SvcName, SvcPrice, </span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">(SvcPrice + 1.25) AS PriceIncrease</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM [Service Plans]</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">WHERE SvcID IN (1,2)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">ORDER BY SvcName;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A_NxP9zVshQ/UQU0Dq9J21I/AAAAAAAABak/LZ9ZgjfB0UE/s1600/SvcPlanPriceIncrease.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="226" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A_NxP9zVshQ/UQU0Dq9J21I/AAAAAAAABak/LZ9ZgjfB0UE/s640/SvcPlanPriceIncrease.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Query for Svc Plan Price Increase of $1.25 for SvcID 1 and 2</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white;">Functions</span></h3>
<div>
While most SQL statements are portable from one DBMS to another, SQL functions, for the most part, are not portable. The function will need to be rewritten for the particular DBMS.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
In SQL, there are six types of functions:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>aggregate</li>
<li>arithmetic</li>
<li>date and time</li>
<li>character</li>
<li>conversion</li>
<li>miscellaneous</li>
</ol>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Aggregate Functions</h4>
<div>
Aggregate functions return a single value that are based on the values in a column. In other words, summarize the data.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>AVG () </b>Returns the average of a column.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>COUNT () </b>Counts the number of rows in a column.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>MAX () </b>Will find the highest number in a column.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>MIN () </b>Will find the lowest number in a column.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>SUM () </b>Will sum the values in a column.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Arithmetic Functions</h4>
<div>
Arithmetic functions perform mathematical manipulations of numeric data.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>EXP () </b>Returns a value of e (exponent) raised to the power of a given number.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>MOD () </b>Returns the remainder of a division.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>SQRT () </b>Returns the square root.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Date and Time Functions</h4>
<div>
Date and Time functions manipulate data based on the date and time.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>ADD_MONTHS () </b>Adds a number of months to the date.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>LAST_DAY () </b>Returns the last day of a month.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>SYSDATE () </b>Returns computer system date.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Character Functions</h4>
<div>
Character functions manipulate character data.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>LTRIM () </b>Removes extra spaces on the left of a field.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>REPLACE () </b>Replaces specified data in a field.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>RTRIM () </b>Removes extra spaces on the right of a field.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Conversion Functions</h4>
<div>
Conversion functions convert one type of data to another type of data.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>TO_CHAR () </b>Converts a number to a character.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>TO_NUMBER () </b>Converts characters to a number.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Miscellaneous Functions</h4>
<div>
Miscellaneous functions manipulate character and numeric data.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>GREATEST () </b>Finds the largest value in a list of values.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>LEAST () </b>Finds the lowest value in a list of values.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>LEN () </b>Returns a string length.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>note: Microsoft Access </b>does not support all of the above functions.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<h4>
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Create a query to remove extra spaces from the left of a PriceIncrease from the [Service Plans] table using the LTRIM ()</span><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"> function:</span></h4>
</div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">SELECT SvcID, SvcName, SvcPrice, LTRIM (SvcPrice + 1.25) AS</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">PriceIncrease</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">FROM [Service Plans]</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">WHERE SvcID IN (1,2)</span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;">ORDER BY SvcName;</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BUC7GDkJ6wo/UQU0iVTzuqI/AAAAAAAABas/fF5VVGc5Wqw/s1600/LTRIM.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BUC7GDkJ6wo/UQU0iVTzuqI/AAAAAAAABas/fF5VVGc5Wqw/s640/LTRIM.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Query to LTRIM spaces from left of Price Increase</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<b>Note: LTRIM () </b>is used to remove spaces in a text field, so the dollar sign ($) does not exists in the actual field data, so it is deleted along with the extra spaces.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<h4>
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Create a query to calculate the average price for service plans and display as AvgSvcPlanPrice:</span></h4>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">SELECT AVG (SvcPrice) AS AvgSvcPlanPrice</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">FROM [Service Plans]</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;">WHERE NOT SvcID IN (1,2);</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JM_BphVSMOE/UQU07zW8XtI/AAAAAAAABa0/Th9yDV4e4uI/s1600/AvgSvcPlnPrice.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="202" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JM_BphVSMOE/UQU07zW8XtI/AAAAAAAABa0/Th9yDV4e4uI/s400/AvgSvcPlnPrice.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Query for Average Price on Service Plan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h4>
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Create a query to count all customers in the Customer table and display as TotalCustomers using the COUNT () function:</span></h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-weight: normal;">SELECT COUNT (*) AS TotalCustomers</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-weight: normal;">FROM Customer;</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kak3llwvddo/UQU1ScCQknI/AAAAAAAABa8/gM0-Q-63HWs/s1600/TotCust.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kak3llwvddo/UQU1ScCQknI/AAAAAAAABa8/gM0-Q-63HWs/s400/TotCust.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Query to COUNT Total Customers</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><i>The following link explains many functions used in SQL:</i></span><br />
<a href="http://www.sir.com.au/help/sql_function.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sir.com.au/help/sql_function.htm</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><i>The following link describes how to get the most out of using Microsoft Access by using SQL:</i></span><br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Microsoft-Wordware-Applications-Library-ebook/dp/B004HKI8YO" target="_blank">SQL for Microsoft Access</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><i>The following link is good for SQL beginners:</i></span><br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Language-SQL-Access-Relational-Databases/dp/143545751X" target="_blank">The Language of SQL</a><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-29496075467172572122013-01-22T18:18:00.000-05:002013-01-26T10:42:10.132-05:00SQL - Sorting, Retrieving, and Filtering Data<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Query Terms and Syntax Rules</h3>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>query: </b>a command that you use to retrieve data from one or more tables.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>clause: </b>a component of an SQL statement.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>keywords: </b>reserved words.<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>statement: </b>keywords and data in the SQL query.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b><span style="color: blue;">FROM</span> keyword: </b>to indicate the table to retrieve data from.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b><span style="color: blue;">SELECT</span> keyword: </b>gives you the ability to retrieve data from the table by telling the database which column(s) to display.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<i><b>Syntax</b> </i>are the programming rules for the language. There are two main rules in SQL syntax.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>The keywords are <i>not</i> case sensitive. However,<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"> it is a good practice to capitalize keywords</span>.</li>
<li>An SQL statement can be written on any number of lines. However, <span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">it is a good practice to break up individual statements.</span></li>
</ol>
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
</ol>
Keywords, column names, or table names <i>must</i> be separated by a space. If you have more than one column name, it must be separated by a comma between each column name. End each query with a semicolon to indicated the end of the query. <i>The following is an example of a simple query:</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT Column Name, Column Name</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: blue;">FROM TableName;</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>note: Microsoft Access</b> requires brackets [] around the name if the name contains spaces.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">[Last Name]</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customers</span><br />
<br />
<b>note: </b> For <b>MySQL</b>, the character to use around names with embedded spaces is an accent grave(`).<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT `last name`</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM customers</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<b>note: Oracle </b>requires double quotes to be used around column names containing spaces. Also, column names surrounded by double quotes <i>are </i>case sensitive.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">"Last Name"</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customers;</span><br />
<br />
Just as keywords are not case sensitive, neither are column names, unless they are surrounded by double quotes (<b>Oracle</b>).</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SQL is flexible and varies slightly from among DBMSs. The majority of queries can be transferred from one database to another.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Data Retrieval</h3>
<div>
This is from <a href="http://www.dataspora.com/about-us/" target="_blank">Dataspora</a>, on the <i>Big Data </i>problem that companies face:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;">While our ability to capture and store ever-larger amounts of data continues to accelerate at an exponential pace, our ability to analyze and interpret data has not enjoyed this same pace of innovation. The ability of human processing and intuition to discover system circuitry and drivers of outcomes is grossly exceeded by sheer data quantity and system variables and the dynamic nature of these systems. While businesses are able to capture and store increasingly valuable data from their customers, business leaders still struggle to turn this data deluge into actionable information to improve their bottom line.</span></blockquote>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
The most common request of a SQL developer is to produce a report. Once the data is in a database, it is the job of the analyst to extract useful information from all of that <i>big data.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
The SELECT statement allows you to retrieve data from tables stored in the database. Refer to the table using column and table names:<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">note:</span><i style="font-weight: bold;"> </i><b>Microsoft SQL Serve</b>r does not require the a semicolon (;) at the end of each statement; however, <b>MySQL</b> and <b>Oracle</b> require the semicolon.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
Columns can be displayed in any order.<br />
<br />
To display all columns in a table, use an asterisk(*) after the SELECT keyword:<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT *</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Sorting Data Using the WHERE Clause</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">If data is to be displayed, it normally needs to be sorted in a particular order. To do this, use any of these clauses:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
WHERE<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
ORDER BY </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
GROUP BY<br />
HAVING</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The </span><b>WHERE </b>clause lets you select a subset of data for only those rows of interest. Operators are used in conjunction with <b>WHERE</b> to indicate how you want the data to be retrieved. The following are the operators you can use:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Arithmetic Operators</h4>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Plus (+)</li>
<li>Minus (-)</li>
<li>Multiply (*)</li>
<li>Divide (/)</li>
<li>Modulus (%) -<i>used to return the remainder in division</i></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<i><br /></i></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Comparison Operators</h4>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>= Equals</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">WHERE ZipCode = 11579;</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">WHERE State = 'SC';</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>< > Does not equal</li>
<li>!= Does not equal</li>
<li>< Less than</li>
<li><= Less than or equal to</li>
<li>!< Not less than</li>
<li>> Greater than</li>
<li>>= Greater than or equal to</li>
<li>!> Not greater than</li>
<li>IS NULL Is a Null value</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer </span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">WHERE HomePhone IS NULL;</span></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<br /></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Character Operators</h4>
<div>
Character operators are used to perform wildcard-character searches to allow you to find matches against part of a column value.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>LIKE</b>: Matches parts of a value, any characters (can be zero characters). Used with the percent (%) or asterisk (*) symbol.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName, HomePhone, Address, City, State, ZipCode</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">WHERE FirstName LIKE 'VIN*';</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The above SQL selects any FirstName with characters that start with VIN.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ASz2tFg3x34/UQNUe5kvAOI/AAAAAAAABX0/d6G-DopdJcI/s1600/IMG_2101.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ASz2tFg3x34/UQNUe5kvAOI/AAAAAAAABX0/d6G-DopdJcI/s640/IMG_2101.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>Oracle</b> is case sensitive, so it is better to use the UPPER function to convert the data to uppercase. Ex:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName, HomePhone, Address, City, State, ZipCode</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">WHERE UPPER (FirstName) LIKE 'VIN*';</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The underscore (_) is used to match single characters, can be any character.</li>
<li>[<i>characterlist] </i>is exactly one character in the character list enclosed in square brackets [].</li>
<li>A caret symbol (^) plus a <i>characterlist </i>enclosed in square brackets (exactly one character <i>not </i>in the character set).</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<br /></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Logical Operators</h4>
<div>
Logical operators are used to separate two or more conditions in a <b>WHERE</b> clause.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>AND</b>: Both expressions on either side of the AND operator have to be true for data to be returned.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>NOT</b>: Match any condition opposite of the one being defined. <i>Example using LIKE operator:</i></li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName, HomePhone, Address, City, State, ZipCode</span><br />
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">WHERE FirstName NOT LIKE 'VIN*';</span></div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>OR</b>: Either expression on either side of the OR operator have to be true for data to be returned.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Set Operators</h4>
<div>
Set operators perform multiple queries and return results as a single-query result.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>INTERSECT</b>: Returns only the rows found by two queries.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>MINUS</b>: Returns rows from the first query, not present in the second query.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>UNION</b>: Returns results of two SELECT statements without duplicate rows.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>UNION ALL</b>: Returns results of two queries with duplicate rows.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Miscellaneous Operators</h4>
<div>
Shorthand methods for writing SQL statements.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>BETWEEN</b>: A shorter method for checking a range of values.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName, HomePhone, Address, City, State, ZipCode</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">WHERE ZipCode BETWEEN 11579 AND 74514;</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>IN</b>: A shorter method for specifying a range of conditions, either as a list of literal values, or as the result of a subquery.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName, HomePhone, Address, City, State, ZipCode</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">WHERE State IN ('SC','NC','GA',VA');</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ASz2tFg3x34/UQNUe5kvAOI/AAAAAAAABX0/d6G-DopdJcI/s1600/IMG_2101.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="158" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ASz2tFg3x34/UQNUe5kvAOI/AAAAAAAABX0/d6G-DopdJcI/s640/IMG_2101.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h3>
<b>Sorting Data Using the ORDER BY Clause</b></h3>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>ASC </b>keyword: Used to sort a column in ascending order.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Data type: The type of data a column can hold (text and numbers).</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Clause: Used in the SELECT statement for selection and manipulation of data.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>DESC</b> keyword: Used to sort a column in descending order.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>ORDER BY</b> Clause: Used to retrieve specified column(s) in ascending or descending order.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName, HomePhone, Address, City, State, ZipCode</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span></div>
<div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="color: blue;">ORDER BY LastName;</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
<b>note</b>: <span style="font-weight: normal;">You can use any column name in the </span><b>ORDER BY</b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> clause, even column names not specified in the </span><b>SELECT</b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> statement. The </span><b>ORDER BY</b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> clause defaults to ascending order, unless specified otherwise.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: normal;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Use </span>DESC<span style="font-weight: normal;"> (descending) and </span>ASC<span style="font-weight: normal;"> (ascending) with the </span>ORDER BY<span style="font-weight: normal;"> clause, to indicate the sort direction of a column.</span></h4>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT FirstName, LastName, HomePhone, Address, City, State, ZipCode</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">ORDER BY LastName DESC;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h3>
<b>Sorting Data Using the GROUP BY Clause</b></h3>
<div>
The <b>GROUP BY</b> keyword separates data that is returned from a <b>SELECT</b> statement into groups. The <b>GROUP BY</b> clause sorts groups of data calculated from aggregate functions. Aggregate functions return a single value on values stored in a column. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The <b>WHERE</b> clause can be used with the <b>GROUP BY</b> clause; the <b>GROUP BY</b> clause must be placed after the <b>WHERE</b> clause.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Every column name you indicate in the <b>SELECT</b> statement, must also be present in the <b>GROUP BY </b>clause, except for those created using the <b>AS</b> keyword.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<br />
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT COUNT (ID) AS TotalCustomers, State</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">WHERE State IN ('SC','NC','GA',VA') </span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">GROUP BY State;</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/group_by.php" target="_blank">http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/group_by.php</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<h3>
<b>Sorting Data Using the HAVING Clause</b></h3>
</div>
<div>
The <b>WHERE</b> clause allows selection based on rows; the <b>HAVING</b> clause allows selection based on groups and is usually used in place of the <b>WHERE</b> clause. When using the <b>HAVING</b> clause, you must also use the <b>GROUP BY</b> clause. The <b>HAVING</b> clause must be placed after the <b>GROUP BY </b>clause.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<div>
<br />
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">SELECT COUNT (ID) AS TotalCustomers, State</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;">FROM Customer</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">GROUP BY State</span><br />
<div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="color: blue;">HAVING State IN ('SC','NC','GA',VA') ;</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/index.php" target="_blank">http://www.techonthenet.com/sql/index.php</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/SQL-Pocket-Guide-Guides/dp/1449394094" target="_blank">http://www.amazon.com/SQL-Pocket-Guide-Guides/dp/1449394094</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Microsoft-Access-Wordware-Applications-Library/dp/1598220608" target="_blank">http://www.amazon.com/Microsoft-Access-Wordware-Applications-Library/dp/1598220608</a></div>
<div>
<br />
<a href="http://www.mysql.com/" target="_blank">http://www.mysql.com, The world's most popular open source database</a></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-41138424683172616432013-01-21T20:36:00.000-05:002013-02-12T22:34:17.635-05:00SQL - Data Base Basics of SQL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
<div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;">SQL</span> is a computer language used to retrieve and manipulate data from relational databases. Some of the functions of SQL:<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Modify a database's structure</li>
<li>Change system security settings</li>
<li>Add user permissions to databases</li>
<li>Query a database </li>
<li>Update a database</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Important terms</h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>client: </b>a single-user computer that interfaces with a multiple-user server</li>
<li><b>client/server database system: </b>system that divides time between a client and a database server</li>
<li><b>database: </b>collection of related data stored as organized files</li>
<li><b>server: </b>multiple-user computer that holds the actual database and provides shared database connection, interfacing, and processing services</li>
</ul>
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
A <b><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;">DBMS</span> </b>(database management system) is computer software used to create, modify, and update the database. It is used to extract data and generate reports. Some other databases:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/access/what-is-microsoft-access-database-software-and-applications-FX102473444.aspx" target="_blank">Microsoft Access</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/db2/" target="_blank">DB2</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.sybase.com/" target="_blank">Sybase</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/default.aspx" target="_blank">Microsoft SQL Server</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/downloads/index.html" target="_blank">Oracle</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.mysql.com/" target="_blank">MySQL</a>, an open source database</li>
<li><a href="http://www.filemaker.com/products/filemaker.html" target="_blank">FileMaker Pro</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/informix/" target="_blank">Informix</a> from IBM</li>
<li><a href="http://www.postgresql.org/about/" target="_blank">PostgreSQL</a>, an open source database</li>
</ul>
<br />
The most popular database is a relational database. The structure of a relational database is a collection of data items in two or more two-dimensional tables related to one another. The data is stored in tabular form and easily accessible through table names, primary key values, and column names.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dbms" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dbms</a><br />
<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Important Terms</h4>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>field: </b>a column that runs vertically within a table corresponding to the object attributes described by the table</li>
<li><b>foreign key: </b>link records of one type with those of another type in a table; used to cross-reference tables; a column in a table used to reference a primary key in another table</li>
<li><b>keys: </b>uniquely identify a row or record in a table</li>
<li><b>normalization: </b>a three-step technique to organize data attributes in an efficient, reliable, flexible, and maintainable structure; used to minimize redundancy and dependency; the three-step technique places tables in the first normal form (1nf), second normal form (2nf), and third normal form (3nf)</li>
<li><b>primary key: </b>a field that uniquely identifies every row in the table</li>
<li><b>row: </b>a record representing a collection of data relating to an item in the table</li>
<li><b>table: </b>a structured file containing horizontal rows and vertical columns</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><br /></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;">
Normalization</span></h3>
<div>
A table that is well-normalized ensures all of the tables in the database are linked together. Each higher normal form achieves a better, more efficient and powerful design. Create as many tables as needed to keep the data in separate groups. These are the normal forms:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>First Normal Form</li>
<li>Second Normal Form</li>
<li>Third Normal Form</li>
<li>Boyce Codd Normal Form</li>
<li>Fourth Normal Form</li>
<li>Fifth Normal Form</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
I will talk about 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PtTlxL7r0eM/UP3qc42eFfI/AAAAAAAABWE/yH8ASIieXVs/s1600/dreamstime_xs_27270406.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="294" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PtTlxL7r0eM/UP3qc42eFfI/AAAAAAAABWE/yH8ASIieXVs/s320/dreamstime_xs_27270406.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
First normal form</h4>
<div>
First normal form requires one distinct group per table:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Each column in the table must be unique</li>
<li>Separate tables of related data should be created </li>
<li>Each table must have a unique key made of a single column or concatenated columns, the primary key</li>
<li>No duplicated rows</li>
<li>No duplicated columns</li>
<li>No row or column intersections that contain a null value</li>
<li>No row or column intersections containing multi-valued fields.; each cell has a single value</li>
</ul>
<a href="http://www.techopedia.com/definition/25955/first-normal-form-1nf" target="_blank">http://www.techopedia.com/definition/25955/first-normal-form-1nf</a><br />
<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Second normal form</h4>
</div>
<div>
Second normal form states that all columns of a table are dependent on the full primary-key column, not just part of the key. A table is in 2NF only if it is in 1NF. Second normal form attempts to reduce the redundancy in a table by breaking the table further to separate duplicate data. If any of the fields in the table are dependent on just part of the primary key, these fields are moved out to form another table. Inserting, updating, or deleting data in the table, should not lead to any inconsistencies.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://databases.about.com/od/specificproducts/a/2nf.htm" target="_blank">http://databases.about.com/od/specificproducts/a/2nf.htm</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Third normal form</h4>
<div>
A table is in 3NF only if it meets the requirements of both 1NF and 2NF. If there is data that does not directly relate to the primary key, these columns should be removed. Non-key fields do not depend on other non-key fields in the table.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b><i>The following link is from the Microsoft support site:</i></b></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/283878" target="_blank">Description of the database normalization basics</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b><i>The following link is by Steve Litt and his tips for normalization:</i></b></span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.troubleshooters.com/littstip/ltnorm.html" target="_blank">Normalization</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Creation of SQL</h4>
<div>
IBM developed SQL in 1970, originally called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language). Relational Software, Inc. first implemented SQL commercially in 1979, and is known today as the Oracle Corporation. ANSI, the American National Standards Institute, published the first set of standards on SQL, and it has had several revisions since then.</div>
<div>
<br />
SQL is predominant and accepted as the industry standard database language, supported by most major DBMSs. All SQL programs are portable among most DBMSs.<br />
<br />
There are slightly different rules for coding SQL in some DBMSs. The code requires minimal modification for portability.<br />
<br />
There are three major components of SQL:<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>DML</b>, Data Manipulation Language, enables you to <i>retrieve, update, add,</i> or <i>delete</i> data in a database.</li>
<li><b>DDL</b>, Data Definition Language, enables you to <i>create</i> and <i>modify</i> the database. For example, the <i>ALTER</i> statement lets the database table design be modified.</li>
<li><b>DCL</b>, Data Control Language, maintains security for the database.</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Statements/Commands</h4>
<div>
SQL keywords are considered reserved and can only be used for querying the database. The keywords cannot be used to name a database, table, column, or any other part of the database or program.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The <b style="background-color: #fff2cc;">SELECT</b> statement is the most common SQL command. It is used for retrieving data from the database and returning it to the user. Example:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: #f4cccc;">SELECT * FROM Customers</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
A <i style="font-weight: bold;">query </i>is a command asking about data from the database in order to extract the data. The <i>syntax</i> rules are very important and must be followed so as not to receive a system error. </div>
<div>
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b><i>The following link is a portion of a presentation given at a Microsoft TechEd conference in the mid 1990's and according to the paper, still applies today:</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.deeptraining.com/litwin/dbdesign/fundamentalsofrelationaldatabasedesign.aspx" target="_blank">Fundamentals of Relational Database Design by Paul Litwin</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b><i>The following covers the basics of creating a database table:</i></b></span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.pgrocer.net/Cis50/oraclecr.html" target="_blank">Creating an Oracle database table</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b><i>The following discusses upsizing an Access database, the benefits of using a MS SQL Server client/server relational database system, and the Microsoft </i></b></span><i><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px;">Open Database Connectivity (</span>ODBC) Data Source Name (DSN)</span></b></i><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~pawlicki/ECOMM/tem/rb/IIIA.htm" target="_blank">Introduction to Databases and Microsoft Access 5/8</a><br />
<br />
<i><b style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="color: blue;">The following pdf contains an example of a relational database:</span></b></i></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<a href="http://www.cs.indiana.edu/classes/a114-dger/lastYear/flights.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.cs.indiana.edu/classes/a114-dger/lastYear/flights.pdf</a><br />
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-72076712327819478142013-01-03T23:34:00.000-05:002013-01-05T13:37:39.866-05:00Internet Explorer encountered a problem and needs to close<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a class="printfriendly" href="http://www.printfriendly.com/" onclick="window.print(); return false;" style="color: #6d9f00; text-decoration: none;" title="Printer Friendly and PDF"><img alt="Print Friendly and PDF" src="http://cdn.printfriendly.com/button-print-blu20.png" style="border: currentColor;" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
A recent install of Windows 7 on a Toshiba laptop started producing error messages each time I closed Internet Explorer 9.<br />
<br />
This was not a random situation. Without fail, Internet Explorer generated a message saying that Internet Explorer encountered a problem and needs to close.<br />
<br />
I hate when that happens. At first, I ignored the error, but, after awhile, it became annoying. <br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
1) First thing, check Event Viewer:</h4>
<ul>
<li><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Click <strong>Start</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Click <strong>Control Panel</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Click <strong>Administrative Tools</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Double Click <strong>Event Viewer</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong><br /></strong></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wBcAMH0Kgfs/UOeg6kXX6wI/AAAAAAAABTg/PZoEZ_Ehp64/s1600/IMG_2032.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wBcAMH0Kgfs/UOeg6kXX6wI/AAAAAAAABTg/PZoEZ_Ehp64/s400/IMG_2032.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
Below, are the details of the Event ID 1000 Application error:<br />
<br />
<div>
</div>
<div>
Log Name: Application<br />
Source: Application Error<br />
Date: 12/28/2012 3:42:48 PM<br />
Event ID: 1000<br />
Task Category: (100)<br />
Level: Error<br />
Keywords: Classic<br />
User: N/A<br />
Computer: Win7-PC<br />
Description:<br />
Faulting application name: iexplore.exe, version: 9.0.8112.16457, time stamp: 0x50a2f9e3<br />
Faulting module name: ntdll.dll, version: 6.1.7601.17725, time stamp: 0x4ec49b8f<br />
Exception code: 0xc0000005<br />
Fault offset: 0x00038dc9<br />
Faulting process id: 0xe70<br />
Faulting application start time: 0x01cde53bce99be62<br />
Faulting application path: C:\Program Files (x86)\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe<br />
Faulting module path: C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ntdll.dll<br />
Report Id: 2350db2a-512f-11e2-a1cc-60eb69c2179c<br />
Event Xml:<br />
<event event="event" events="events" schemas.microsoft.com="schemas.microsoft.com" win="win" xmlns="<a href=">http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event</event></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
"></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<system><br /> <provider name="Application Error"><br /> <eventid qualifiers="0">1000</eventid><br /> <level>2</level><br /> <task>100</task><br /> <keywords>0x80000000000000</keywords><br /> <timecreated systemtime="2012-12-28T20:42:48.000000000Z"><br /> <eventrecordid>3503</eventrecordid><br /> <channel>Application</channel><br /> <computer>Win7-PC</computer><br /> <security><br /> </security></timecreated></provider></system></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<eventdata><br /> <data>iexplore.exe</data><br /> <data>9.0.8112.16457</data><br /> <data>50a2f9e3</data><br /> <data>ntdll.dll</data><br /> <data>6.1.7601.17725</data><br /> <data>4ec49b8f</data><br /> <data>c0000005</data><br /> <data>00038dc9</data><br /> <data>e70</data><br /> <data>01cde53bce99be62</data><br /> <data>C:\Program Files (x86)\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe</data><br /> <data>C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ntdll.dll</data><br /> <data>2350db2a-512f-11e2-a1cc-60eb69c2179c</data><br /> </eventdata></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<eventdata><br /></eventdata>2) Check Microsoft Events and Error Messages: <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/support/ee/ee_advanced.aspx" target="_blank">Events and Errors Message Center</a></h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Unfortunately, this particular error message does not come up on <strong>Microsofts's Events and Error Messages</strong>. In fact, I have searched all over the Internet for this code and have been unable to find any documentation. Most likely because it is a generic message that applies to different situations. The following is from the MSDN library <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms681383(v=VS.85).aspx" target="_blank">System Error Codes (1000-1299):</a><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">The System Error Codes are very broad. Each one can occur in one of many hundreds of locations in the system. Consequently the descriptions of these codes cannot be very specific. Use of these codes requires some amount of investigation and analysis. You need to note both the programmatic and the run-time context in which these errors occur. Because these codes are defined in WinError.h for anyone to use, sometimes the codes are returned by non-system software. Sometimes the code is returned by a function deep in the stack and far removed from your code that is handling the error.</span></blockquote>
<br />
If you are unable to find the event ID listed, you can search the links below for an answer:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/ph/807" target="_blank">Support for Windows Internet Explorer 6, 7, 8, and 9</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/ie/forum?auth=1" target="_blank">Internet Explorer Microsoft Community</a></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
3) Maybe the error was generated as a result of an add-on, so I disabled the add-ons:</h4>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Click <strong>Start</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Click <strong>All Programs</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Click <strong>Accessories</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Click <strong>System Tools</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Click<strong> Internet</strong> <strong>Explorer (No-Add-ons)</strong></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Still no fix.</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
4) Next, I made sure Windows Update did not have any uninstalled updates waiting.</h4>
<div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
5) I checked my anti-virus to see when the last scan took place. It was this morning, but, I ran a scan anyway to make sure there was no malware present. Looks good.</h4>
<div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
6) Next, reset Internet Explorer settings:</h4>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Close Internet Explorer windows</li>
<li>Open Internet Explorer from the <strong>Start</strong> button and click <strong>Internet Explorer</strong></li>
<li>Click <strong>Tools</strong></li>
<li>Click <strong>Internet Options</strong></li>
<li>Click <strong>Advanced tab</strong></li>
<li>Click <strong>Reset</strong></li>
<li>Click<strong> Close </strong>and <strong>OK</strong></li>
<li>Close IE and reopen for the changes to take effect.</li>
</ul>
According to <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Reset-Internet-Explorer-settings-in-Internet-Explorer-9" target="_blank">Windows "Reset Internet Explorer 9 settings"</a>:<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">If any of the categories fail to reset, it's because </span><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><span class="notLocalizable">Internet Explorer</span> c</span><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">ouldn't access a file or registry setting. This can be caused by:</span><br /><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Not having permission to make these changes. Log in using an administrator account and try resetting again.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Files or settings are being used by another program. Close all other programs and try resetting again.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Low memory. Restart your computer and try resetting again.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">High CPU usage. Restart your computer and try resetting again.</span></li>
</ul>
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7) Now for the test. Close IE, again. No error message. Open, Close, No Error Message.</h4>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Voila! Problem Solved.</span><br />
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<i>note: I am assuming Internet Explorer was not installed correctly, thus, causing the error messages. If you have a similar situation with a 1000 event ID error code, resetting Internet Explorer may be the solution</i>.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-64268990363808957582012-12-06T22:26:00.001-05:002012-12-09T22:17:53.219-05:00Cursor jumps all over screen on a Macbook<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If you think Macs don't get malware, you are sadly mistaken. There are plenty of free antivirus software on the Internet, so <i>please</i> find and download the security on your Mac computer as soon as possible. If you <i>or</i> your kids download music on a regular basis from nefarious sources, you are prime for infection. Or, if you do not have your own personal home network, you are leaving yourself wide open by connecting to open Internet connections in your neighborhood. Beware of network names like linksys or hpsetup. If there is no lock symbol beside the network name, that tells you it is an open network and anyone can connect to the network.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2mh9cIQfim4/UL679vj3N7I/AAAAAAAABP0/aAy2bT5nbVs/s1600/a6a29fe09d2911e1b10e123138105d6b_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2mh9cIQfim4/UL679vj3N7I/AAAAAAAABP0/aAy2bT5nbVs/s200/a6a29fe09d2911e1b10e123138105d6b_5.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Daisy</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y6jpXkkVvSc/UL670Ws0COI/AAAAAAAABPs/3JFuVq4m63U/s1600/IMG_1785.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-y6jpXkkVvSc/UL670Ws0COI/AAAAAAAABPs/3JFuVq4m63U/s200/IMG_1785.JPG" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Danny</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This morning as I was feeding my dogs, Danny and Daisy, my friend Lisa texted asking if she could call me about a computer problem. "Sure", I texted back, as I continued to feed my always seemingly starved ravenous pets.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lisa complained about a problem with her Macbook cursor jumping around, moving involuntarily, and windows randomly opening. I asked if she had antivirus installed on her computer, "No, I never installed one on the Mac". It goes without saying Lisa, along with everyone else I know, thought MacBooks immune from virus problems.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Macs are not really my forte, however, I can usually troubleshoot them and said I would email instructions with a few things she could try, along with a link to install a free antivirus. I just returned from Houston where my sister-in-law, Andrea, was having problems with her IMAC running excruciatingly slow. I did what I normally do when someone with a Macbook complains of <i>that </i>type of problem. I ran the <b>Repair Permissions Disk Utility</b>. Andrea was ecstatic. The IMAC was now operating like a new computer.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These are the instructions I emailed Lisa:</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Disk Utility lets you verify and repair Mac OS X disks and permissions issues: </span></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Disk Utility</span></td></tr>
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<ol>
<li style="margin-left: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Click on your <b>Macintosh HD</b>. It should be an icon on your desktop. If you don't see it, search for it by clicking on the magnifying glass (spotlight) in the upper right hand corner of your screen and type in <b>Macintosh HD</b>.</span></li>
<li style="margin-left: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Go to <b>Applications/Utilities/Disk Utility </b>or search for <b>Disk Utility </b>with the spotlight.</span></li>
<li style="margin-left: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Click on the <b>First Aid</b> tab</span></li>
<li style="margin-left: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Highlight <b>MacintoshHD </b></span></li>
<li style="margin-left: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Click on <b>Repair Disk Permissions </b></span></li>
</ol>
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<i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">note: these procedures and screen displays could be slightly different depending on your Mac OS version.</span></i></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qpGURrLdN3o/UMDCgwns4EI/AAAAAAAABRk/8pQXkjI4zk0/s1600/IMG_2001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="322" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qpGURrLdN3o/UMDCgwns4EI/AAAAAAAABRk/8pQXkjI4zk0/s400/IMG_2001.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Trackpad</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>You can also try this</b>: </span></div>
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<li style="margin-left: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Click on the <b>Apple </b>symbol in the upper left of your screen</span></li>
<li style="margin-left: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Click on <b>System Preferences</b>.</span></li>
<li style="margin-left: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Click on <b>Trackpad</b></span></li>
<li style="margin-left: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Under <b>Trackpad options:</b>, uncheck <b>Ignore Accidental Trackpad Input.</b></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After running the <b>Repair Disk Permissions</b>, Lisa rebooted the Macbook and the cursor seemed to be ok for a little while and then acted up again. She tried the next option, but her version of the Macbook did not have the option for step 4. That option is enabled automatically on her version 10.5. <a href="http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3009" target="_blank">Mac notebooks: About the "Ignoring accidental trackpad input" option on computers with the Multi-Touch trackpad</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I did a little research and saw a few blogs and comments where others were having the same problem with the mouse jumping around. Someone mentioned to check the Login items for <b>FMenu</b> as it could cause problems with the mouse. The following is from <a href="http://sourceforge.net/" target="_blank">SourceForge.net</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/23967/fmenu" target="_blank">FMenu</a></b><span style="color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"> is a menu extra providing customizable Growl notifications about various Facebook events, a menu to easily access common Facebook pages, and a count of your messages, pokes, events, friend requests, wall posts, and photo comments.</span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lisa checked the <b>Login Items</b> for Fmenu and the application was not present. As she was naming the items that were included, she mentioned, "Oh, and here is <a href="http://www.spotify.com/us/desktop-splash/?utm_source=spotify&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=start" target="_blank">Spotify</a> that Lily (Lily is Lisa's daughter) just installed about a week ago".</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An alert went off in my head. Ah ha! I recalled what <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Russinovich" target="_blank">Mark Russinovich</a>, a Microsoft Technical Fellow, said in a video I watched and reviewed, <a href="http://www.pcrepairnorthshore.com/2011/02/windows-hang-and-crash-dump-analysis.html" target="_blank">Windows Hang and Crash Dump Analysis Webcast Review</a></span><br />
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<b style="background-color: #fefeff; color: #222222; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Why does Windows crash? </span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: #fefeff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">There is something wrong in kernel-mode.</span><br />
<blockquote style="background-color: #fefeff; color: #222222; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Windows only crashes when something in kernel-mode goes wrong. User-mode code, because of the protection mechanisms built into the operating system, <i>cannot</i> cause a problem that results in the operating system turning over. Kernel-mode is a trusted environment in the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.microsoft.com/WINDOWS" rel="homepage" style="color: #dd5c2a; text-decoration: none;" title="Windows">Windows operating system</a>. Any drivers in kernel-mode can access anything they want to. They can access data buffers sitting in the file system cache about to go out to disk. They can access user-mode code, if they want to, and data. If a component suspects something is wrong, it has one primary responsibility, the preservation of your data."</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #fefeff; color: #222222; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Corruption could have happened already. If the system ignored it, this could result in the kernel-mode overriding data about to go to disk. The system wants to stop corruption from happening, and if corruption has already started, it wants to stop it. The </span><a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_error_screen" rel="wikipedia" style="background-color: #fefeff; color: #dd5c2a; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-decoration: none;" title="Stop error screen">Blue Screen of Death</a><span style="background-color: #fefeff; color: #222222; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> is presented, instead.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: #fefeff; color: #222222; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /></span>
<div style="background-color: #fefeff; color: #222222; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=47.6395972222,-122.12845&spn=1.0,1.0&q=47.6395972222,-122.12845%20(Microsoft)&t=h" rel="geolocation" style="background-color: #fefeff; color: #dd5c2a; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-decoration: none;" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span style="background-color: #fefeff; color: #222222; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">'s analysis of crash root causes indicate that most crashes are caused by third-party driver code.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The cursor problem occurring was happening on a Macbook and it was <i>not</i> causing a system crash,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">but I assume the operating system kernel is protected and most problems will be the result of third party code. Lisa removed <b>Spotify</b> from her <b>Login Items, </b>rebooted and guess what? No more cursor problem....for awhile, that is.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I proceeded to scan the Internet for any other possible causes of "cursor movement gone awry". I saw several blogs referring to an expanded battery causing the problem. The battery sits under the trackpad and the theory was the bulging was touching the trackpad and caused the trackpad to act as if it had a mind of its own. I instructed Lisa to remove the battery so we could test that theory.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Unfortunately, her Macbook is the kind with a <b>unibody</b>, and the battery is not easily removed by a non-Apple genius. However, if you have the correct tool, it <i>can</i> be done, except the warranty will be voided, <a href="http://www.ifixit.com/Answers/View/89741/Possible+to+replace+battery" target="_blank">Possible+to+replace+battery</a>. We decided it would be best for Lisa to drop off the computer at my house and I would remove the battery.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Next scene.....I proceeded to remove the battery because I naturally assumed I had the correct tool. Wrong! Numerous screws held the battery in place, but one and only one screw required a special <span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=pd_sl_7vz21ro6lg_b?rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Ay1+tri-wing+screwdriver&keywords=y1+tri-wing+screwdriver&ie=UTF8&psrk=Tri-wing+Y1+Screwdriver" target="_blank">Tri-wing Y1 Screwdriver</a>. </span>What is that about? Hmmm...Sounds like a sneaky way for Apple to make a few additional dollars to me. I could be wrong. Maybe there is a <i>really good reason</i> to make it difficult for the average user to buy a new battery when the old one dies, which it inevitably will. Chiefly because the average user does not know that leaving your computer charger plugged in excessively will train the battery to not hold a charge. <a href="http://www.apple.com/batteries/notebooks.html" target="_blank">Apple - Batteries - Notebooks</a></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LB0cftswfkI/UMDdN2u6gFI/AAAAAAAABSs/qWF-gJ_LKgs/s1600/macbook_trackpad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LB0cftswfkI/UMDdN2u6gFI/AAAAAAAABSs/qWF-gJ_LKgs/s200/macbook_trackpad.jpg" width="179" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Trackpad</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I gave up on the battery idea, but blew the computer out with a can of compressed air as it had accumulated a good bit of dust particles. Being the clean fanatic that I am, I carefully wiped down the display and keyboard, rebooted, and hoped that somehow the opening of the laptop case and blowout would somehow miraculously cause the cursor to straighten up.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i>
<i>Note: be sure to use a very damp cloth or special computer cleaning solution purchased at places like Staples to clean your computer. Do not use wipes like you buy from the grocery store or paper towels on the glass display. Special clothes for cleaning these surfaces are recommended. These can also be purchased from places like Staples or Best Buy.</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Next scene....this time the cursor seemed to be worse than ever. It was like someone was controlling it remotely. I mean I wasn't even touching the trackpad and the cursor was moving spontaneously. Quickly, I managed to shut down the computer, after a few moments of chasing the cursor. I booted back up and typed into the browser, "Free <a href="http://download.cnet.com/Sophos-Anti-Virus-for-Mac-Home-Edition/3000-2239_4-75328306.html" target="_blank">Sophos</a> Antivirus for Mac <a href="http://www.cnet.com/" target="_blank">cnet</a>". This is exactly what I should have done first off, before checking anything else. Always make sure you have an antivirus installed!</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x8G9r2-Fxvc/UMAp3QiUg2I/AAAAAAAABQ0/Erj5RnB6Gc8/s1600/ID-10076746.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="230" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x8G9r2-Fxvc/UMAp3QiUg2I/AAAAAAAABQ0/Erj5RnB6Gc8/s320/ID-10076746.jpg" width="320" /></span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It took quite a while for the antivirus scan to run, and as the scan was running, the cursor was moving about on the screen periodically. Creepy...if you think you might be a victim, check this link by<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspersky_Lab" target="_blank"> Kapersky_Lab</a> out: <a href="http://usa.kaspersky.com/resources/symptoms" target="_blank">What are the symptoms of an infected computer?</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">About halfway through the scan, the cursor stopped moving. I touched the trackpad and moved the cursor around freely. It moved perfectly, as instructed. When the scan finished, I checked the Quarantine, two Trojans were found. I checked off the option to cleanup the Trojans, did a little Internet browsing and the cursor is back to normal.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-57556939-83/new-mac-malware-spreading-from-dalai-lama-tribute-site/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">New Mac malware spreading from Dalai Lama tribute site</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<a href="http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13727_7-57556872-263/new-mac-malware-uses-os-x-launch-services/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">New Mac malware uses OS X launch services</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<a href="http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13727_7-57415311-263/monitor-os-x-launchagents-folders-to-help-prevent-malware-attacks/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Monitor OS X LaunchAgents folders to help prevent malware attacks</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<a href="http://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/whats-the-difference-between-malware-trojan-virus-and-worm/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What’s the Difference Between Malware, Trojan, Virus, and Worm? </span></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-32229893247797145662012-11-13T21:55:00.000-05:002013-01-02T20:39:38.191-05:00Unable to install your printer?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lexmark_X5100_Series.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="A Lexmark printer" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lexmark_X5100_Series.jpg/300px-Lexmark_X5100_Series.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: left;">Image via </span><a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lexmark_X5100_Series.jpg" style="font-size: medium; text-align: left;">Wikipedia</a></td></tr>
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You are not able to install a new printer you purchased for your computer. The instruction manual tells you to "Choose the local printer attached to the computer", but that option is not available. The only option that is available is "a <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_%28computing%29" rel="wikipedia" title="Printer (computing)">network printer</a>, or a printer connected to another computer". What is the likely cause of the problem?</div>
<strong><br />
</strong><br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
You have not been granted <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_permissions" rel="wikipedia" title="Filesystem permissions">permissions</a> to install printers. To install permissions, you must be a member of the <b>Administrators </b>group or the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_user" rel="wikipedia" title="Power user">Power Users</a> group.<br />
<br />
In Windows, you have a security component called <b>UAC</b> or <b>User Account Control</b>, which is the method used in Windows Vista and Windows 7, for elevating privileges in order to do certain Administrative tasks. This is a good thing because previously malicious software could install "silently" just because a user was logged on as an Administrator. Administrators have privileges over everything in a computer.<br />
<br />
Now, when a user logs on to a Windows Vista or Windows 7 computer, the user is automatically given the security token of a standard user. The built-in Administrator is disabled on new installations of Vista. If the user needs to perform any administrative tasks, UAC prompts for an administrator password.<br />
<br />
If you are an admin, enter YES to continue. If you are not an admin, enter the administrator password to continue.<br />
<br />
If you are in Windows XP, you might be logged onto a Standard User Account and need to switch to an Administrator Account or Power User in order to install the printer. See the Microsoft link below for instructions in assigning rights to a Power User using Group Policy.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/Why-use-a-standard-user-account-instead-of-an-administrator-account" target="_blank">Why use a standard user account instead of an administrator account?</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc709628(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Understanding and Configuring User Account Control in Windows Vista </a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/sv/winserverGP/thread/c7157aa5-3189-49d0-84fc-1dff6a050427" target="_blank">Power Users and Windows 7</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754142.aspx" target="_blank">Assign User Rights to a Group in AD DS</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc709691(v=WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">User Account Control Step-by-Step Guide</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/w7itproinstall/thread/38c7034c-4142-4b67-afb4-1a9ded055e8b" target="_blank">Non-admins unable to install Network Printers: Windows 7</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/itprovistaprinting/thread/7e8833e3-519c-49ea-8bb7-f15d5169e035" target="_blank">Allowing Vista Standard Users to install printer drivers</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/w7itprosecurity/thread/df21d2c2-c2d4-4107-bfe3-bf8c5a1cd946" target="_blank">Install printer without being administrator</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
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</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-89464845352545509472012-10-15T15:15:00.000-04:002012-10-16T11:14:47.891-04:00Looking at BranchCache for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/dd425028.aspx" target="_blank">BrancheCache</a> gives users of <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/home" target="_blank">Windows 7</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" target="_blank">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> increased network responsiveness, by reducing wide area network (WAN) utilization when accessing files from a branch office that are located in a central office.<br />
<br />
Enabling BranchCache causes a copy of the file that is accessed from a file or Web server and located in a remote office to be cached in the local branch office. The next time a client requests the file, BranchCache first attempts to retrieve it from the local BranchCache.<br />
<br />
BranchCache makes sure clients are authorized by the content server and the files are up-to-date, so clients never have to worry about retrieving files that are not current.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>BranchCache clients must be running Windows 7 and the BranchCache feature has to be enabled. </li>
<li>Web servers must be running Windows Server 2008 R2 with the BranchCache feature enabled.<a name='more'></a></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
BrancheCache modes</h3>
<div>
BrancheCache can be operated in two different modes:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Distributed Cache</b>: clients cache a copy of the remote files to be shared with other clients in the same office.</li>
<li><b>Hosted Cache</b>: a Windows Server 2008 R2 server acts as the host and maintains a central cache of files that are accessed by clients in the same branch office. </li>
</ol>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Hosted Cache mode</h4>
Branch office clients have the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the host configured on their Windows 7 computer so they can easily retrieve the data from the Hosted Cache. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The Windows 7 client first goes to the content server located in the central office to retrieve the file. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EbZPWNd4dc0/UHxd_MUrrOI/AAAAAAAABMQ/4cCarjga02k/s1600/IMG_1692.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EbZPWNd4dc0/UHxd_MUrrOI/AAAAAAAABMQ/4cCarjga02k/s320/IMG_1692.JPG" width="238" /></a>The server authenticates and authorizes the client, and returns an identifier (content metadata) that the client uses to search for the file on the Hosted Cache. If there is no local Hosted Cache available, the client will go out on the WAN to retrieve the content directly from the content server.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sLonDKpyZ3o/TyQofybk-cI/AAAAAAAAA6o/Ts2NVds6HEg/s1600/Folder_Data_Icon_256.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sLonDKpyZ3o/TyQofybk-cI/AAAAAAAAA6o/Ts2NVds6HEg/s200/Folder_Data_Icon_256.png" width="200" /></a>The client contacts the Hosted Cache server using a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and offers the content identifiers over the secure SSL connection. The Hosted Cache server connects to the client to retrieve the remaining metadata that it does not have cached so as to be available for the next BranchCache request. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The next client requesting the same file goes to the content server and the content server again authorizes the user and returns content metadata. Using the metadata, the client requests the data from the Hosted Cache server. The Hosted Cache server returns encrypted data to the client, which the client in turn validates with the hash provided in the content metadata, to ensure the data has not been modified. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g1EI1sh9pXU/TxY8gcVxvbI/AAAAAAAAA5s/lgCdvj75_Mw/s1600/dreamstime_xs_7704802.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="120" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g1EI1sh9pXU/TxY8gcVxvbI/AAAAAAAAA5s/lgCdvj75_Mw/s200/dreamstime_xs_7704802.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Distributed Cache Mode</h4>
<div>
In Distributed Cache Mode, Windows 7 clients cache copies of files accessed using the WAN from file servers located on remote networks and sends the files to other Windows 7 clients upon request. Per Microsoft: </div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Verdana, Arial; font-size: 13px;">Distributed Cache mode is best suited for branch offices with fewer than 50 users.</span></blockquote>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The client connects to the content server and requests a file. After the content server authorizes the user, the user retrieves only a file identifier from the remote server. If this is the first time the client has requested the file from the content server, the client caches it using BranchCache. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
A subsequent Windows 7 client requests the same file from the content server. The content server authorizes the user and returns an identifier.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The client broadcasts a request to other Windows 7 clients in the network using the Web Services Dynamic Discovery (WS-Discovery) multicast protocol. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SaretXQVzb0/Tm1X_J3OxFI/AAAAAAAAAsw/4qKXMRM3X1k/s1600/dreamstime_xs_9413952.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="141" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SaretXQVzb0/Tm1X_J3OxFI/AAAAAAAAAsw/4qKXMRM3X1k/s200/dreamstime_xs_9413952.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
If any client has a cached copy of the file, the encrypted file is sent directly to the client across the network. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Distributed Cache mode allows IT professionals to take advantage of BranchCache with minimal hardware deployments in the branch office. However, if the branch has deployed other infrastructure (for example, servers running workloads such as file or print), using Hosted Cache mode may be beneficial for the following reasons:</span><br />
<ul style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Verdana, Arial; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 40px; padding-left: 0px;">
<li class="unordered" style="list-style-image: url(http://i3.technet.microsoft.com/Areas/Brand/Content/b.gif); list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 0px;"><strong style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Increased cache availability</strong></li>
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">. Hosted Cache mode increases the cache efficiency because content is available even if the client that originally requested the data is offline.</span></ul>
<ul style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Verdana, Arial; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 40px; padding-left: 0px;">
<li class="unordered" style="list-style-image: url(http://i3.technet.microsoft.com/Areas/Brand/Content/b.gif); list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><br /></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Verdana, Arial; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 40px; padding-left: 0px;">
<li class="unordered" style="list-style-image: url(http://i3.technet.microsoft.com/Areas/Brand/Content/b.gif); list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 0px;"><strong style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Caching for the entire branch office</strong></li>
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">. Distributed Cache mode operates on a single subnet. If a branch office that is using Distributed Cache mode has multiple subnets, a client on each subnet needs to download a separate copy of each requested file. With Hosted Cache mode, all clients in a branch office can access a single cache, even if they are on different subnet</span>s.</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
How to Configure BranchCache</h3>
You can manage BranchCache by using <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd637820(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Group Policy or the netsh</a> command line tool to perform the following tasks:<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Enable <i>BranchCache</i> (disabled by default). </li>
<li>Select <i>Distributed</i> or <i>Hosted Cache</i> mode</li>
<li>Indicate the size of the client computers' cache, if using <i>Distributed Cache</i> mode. By default, <i>BranchCache</i> uses up to 5% of the hard drive for cache</li>
<li>Indicate the location of the <i>Hosted Cache</i>, if using <i>Hosted Cache.</i></li>
</ul>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
How to Install the BranchCache feature on a Web Server or Hosted Cache Server (hosted cache mode) to allow BranchCache clients to cache files on IIS websites hosted on a server</h4>
<div>
Use the <b><span style="color: blue;">Add Features Wizard</span></b> of <b><span style="color: blue;">Server Manager</span></b> to install the <b><span style="color: blue;">BranchCache</span></b> feature.</div>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Start -> Administrative Tools -> Server Manager </b></li>
<li>Right click<b> Features</b> and then select <b>Add Features</b></li>
<li>Select <b>BranchCache</b> and click <b>Next</b></li>
<li>In the <b>Confirm Installation Selections</b>, click <b>Install</b></li>
<li>In the<b> Installation Results </b>dialog box, after you confirm <b>BranchCache</b> is installed successfully, click <b>Close</b></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
How to Install BranchCache on a File Server (to allow shared files to be cached by BranchCache clients)</h4>
</div>
<div>
To enable <b><span style="color: blue;">BranchCache</span></b> for any file shares, you need to install the <b><span style="color: blue;">File Services</span></b> server role on the file server and add the <b><span style="color: blue;">BranchCache For Network Files</span></b> role service. Use the <b><span style="color: blue;">Add Roles Wizard</span></b> of <b><span style="color: blue;">Server Manager</span></b> to install the <b><span style="color: blue;">File Services</span></b> role and the <b><span style="color: blue;">BranchCache for Network Files</span></b> role service.</div>
<div>
<br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Configure BranchCache Servers using Group Policy</h4>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R8LvLma7PPY/Tm1dbZ12gqI/AAAAAAAAAs8/Hmi68ePxK1k/s1600/dreamstime_xs_7495708.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R8LvLma7PPY/Tm1dbZ12gqI/AAAAAAAAAs8/Hmi68ePxK1k/s200/dreamstime_xs_7495708.jpg" width="200" /></a>
<li><b>Start\Administrative Tools\Group Policy Management Console</b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">Select the domain for the GPO (in the console tree) or choose </span>Local Computer Policy</b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">Create a new GPO by selecting </span><b>New</b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> in the </span><b>Action</b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> menu</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">Right click the GPO and click<b> Edit</b></span></b></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: normal;">Click </span><b style="font-weight: bold;">Computer Configuration\Policies\Administrative Templates\Network </b>and then click <b>LanMan Server</b></li>
<li>Double-click <b>Hash Publication For BranchCache</b></li>
<li>Click <b>Enabled</b></li>
<li>You can choose one of the following options:</li>
<ol>
<li><b>Allow hash publication for all file shares</b></li>
<li><b>Allow hash publication for file shares tagged with Windows Branch Cache support</b></li>
<li><b>Disallow hash publication on all file shares</b></li>
</ol>
</ol>
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Configure BranchCache Clients using Group Policy</h4>
</div>
<div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">
Group Policy settings are located in:</div>
<div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: blue;">Computer Configuration\Policies\Administrative Templates\Network\BranchCache</span></div>
<div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">
You must first create a <b>Group Policy object (GPO)</b>, then enable <b>BranchCache</b> and choose <b>Distributed </b>or <b>Hosted Cache</b> mode.</div>
<div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="text-align: left;"><b>Start\Administrative Tools\Group Policy Management Console</b></span></li>
<li>Select the domain for the GPO (in the console tree)</li>
<li>Create a new GPO by selecting <b>New</b> in the <b>Action</b> menu</li>
<li>Choose a GPO name and click <b>OK</b></li>
<li>Right click the GPO and click<b> Edit</b></li>
<li>Click <b>Computer Configuration\Policies\Administrative Templates: Policy Definitions (ADMX files)</b> <b>retrieved from the local machine\Network</b> and then click <b>BranchCache</b></li>
<li>Double-click <b>Turn on BranchCache</b></li>
<li>Click <b>Enabled</b> and then <b>OK</b></li>
<li>To use Distributed Cache mode or Hosted Cache mode, double click <b>Turn on Branch Cache - Distributed Caching mode</b> or <b>Turn on Branch Cache - Hosted Cache mode</b>. Click <b>Enabled </b>and then <b>OK</b>.</li>
<li>To enable BranchCache for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block" target="_blank">SMB</a> traffic, double-click <b>BranchCache for network files</b> and click <b>Enabled</b>. Select a latency value under <b>Options</b> and click <b>OK</b>.</li>
</ol>
</div>
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd637820(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Client Configuration</a><br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd755969(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank"> BranchCache in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 Overview</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-89779551967128993812012-09-12T13:27:00.000-04:002012-09-12T13:32:12.513-04:00How to Make a Conference Call on your IPHONE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
Below is the procedure to make a conference call while using the iPhone. If you are like me, the need will arise spontaneously, and inevitably you are stuck and have to discontinue the call because you never took the time to figure out how.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The iPhone lets you conference up to five different callers.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0PbKpTda8wE/UFDDwUxNngI/AAAAAAAABLg/1EjljIjoPO4/s1600/2012-09-12+12.54.39.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0PbKpTda8wE/UFDDwUxNngI/AAAAAAAABLg/1EjljIjoPO4/s320/2012-09-12+12.54.39.png" width="213" /></a></div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Make your call.</li>
<li>Tap <b>Add Call </b>and call the other line. The first call is put on hold when you do this. You can talk privately with the second call before merging the calls.</li>
<li>Tap <b>Merge Calls </b>to bring the current call into conference with the other call(s).</li>
<li>Perform step 2 and 3 to bring other calls into the conference.</li>
</ol>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
If you have an incoming call and would like to merge the call into the conference:</h4>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Tap <b>Hold Call + Answer; </b>then tap <b>Merge Calls.</b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Drop a call from the conference:</h4>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Tap <b>Conference</b> and type the <span style="color: red;">red</span> <span style="color: red;">phone symbol</span> next to a call; then type <b>End Call.</b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Talk privately with a call in the conference: </b></h4>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Tap <b>Conference </b>and tap <b>Private </b>next to a call. Tap <b>Merge Call </b>when you are ready to return the call to the conference.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://support.apple.com/kb/TA38608?viewlocale=en_US" target="_blank">http://support.apple.com/kb/TA38608?viewlocale=en_US</a></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-20148967887674261652012-07-18T22:47:00.002-04:002013-01-02T20:36:44.333-05:00How to Manage Access to Shared Folders in Windows 7<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
What does Authentication and Authorization mean?</h3>
<h1>
<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoSubtitle">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Authentication</b>: Authentication is when you provide some type of proof to access a computer or a computer resource, and the proof you provide verifies your identity. Usually you authenticate with your user id and password. If the infrastructure is critical, then a user id and password will not be enough and digital certificates are issued and verified by a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority" target="_blank">Certification Authority. </a></li>
<li><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Authorization</b>:
Determining if you have the permission to access some particular type of
resource.</li>
<li><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Access:</b>
Determine what type of action, based on a permission level, that can be performed on
a resource.</li>
</ul>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoSubtitle">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoSubtitle">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
What is Windows Authentication?</h3>
<h1>
<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoSubtitle">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kerberos v5
Protocol</b>: Windows 7 clients and Windows Server 2000 or later uses <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Kerberos</span> as its default authentication method. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(protocol)" target="_blank">Kerberos(protocol)</a></li>
<li><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">NTLM (NT Lan
Manager):</b> Used to provide backward compatibility with pre-Windows 2000. NTLM is a suite of Microsoft security protocols that provide authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality to users. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTLM" target="_blank">NTLM</a></li>
<li><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Certificates</b>:
Rely on a third party to verify who you are (PKI Infrastructure). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_infrastructure" target="_blank">Public-key_infrastructure</a>.<a name='more'></a></li>
</ul>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoSubtitle">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoSubtitle">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
What are the Authentication Features in Windows 7?</h3>
<h1>
<o:p></o:p></h1>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smart Cards</b></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span>Kerberos support for smart card logon<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span>Encrypt using <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/bitlocker" target="_blank">BitLocker Drive Encryption</a> and the smart card
option to unlock the drive<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span>Document and email signing<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><a href="http://www.smartcardbasics.com/" target="_blank">Smart Card Basics - Welcome!</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd277362.aspx" target="_blank">Microsoft Technet - Smart Cards</a></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Biometrics</b></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br />
<ul>
<li>WBF, Windows Biometric Framework provides
support for fingerprint biometric devices. WBF makes it simpler for users and administrators to configure and control biometric devices on a local computer or in a domain.</li>
</ul>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<span id="goog_10701392"></span><span id="goog_10701393"></span><a href="http://draft.blogger.com/"></a> <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/gg463089.aspx" target="_blank">Introduction to the Windows Biometric Framework (WBF)</a></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Online Identity Integration</b></h4>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Group policy setting allows or prevents online ids from authenticating to the computers that you manage, <b>Network security: Allow PKU2U authentication requests to this computer to use online IDs</b>. The policy setting does not affect the ability of domain or local user accounts to log onto the computer. The feature complements the HomeGroup feature in Windows 7 by using online IDs to identify individuals within the network. Users in a small network can elect to share data, such as media files. To allow the authentication, the user must link their Windows user account to an online ID.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Verdana, Arial; font-size: 13px;">The policy setting is located in <strong>Local Computer Policy\Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security Options</strong>. In previous versions of Windows, the policy setting name is <strong>Network Security: Disable online identity usage in PKU2U</strong>.</span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd560662(v=ws.10)" target="_blank">Introducing Online Identity Integration</a><br />
<o:p></o:p><br />
<h1>
<o:p> </o:p></h1>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
How to Manage File Access in Windows 7</h3>
<h1>
<o:p></o:p></h1>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
What are NTFS Permissions?</h4>
<div class="MsoSubtitle">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
NTFS file and folder permissions define the types of access
granted to a user, group, or computer for a file or folder. <i>See: </i><a href="http://www.ntfs.com/ntfs-permissions.htm" target="_blank">NTFS Permissions</a> or <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754178.aspx" target="_blank">Share and NTFS Permissions on a File Server</a><o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Permissions are granted by owners and by anyone anyone with permission to grant permissions. Normally, this includes administrators on the system. If you own an object, you can grant any user or security group any permissions on that object, including the permission to take ownership. </span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Every container and object on the network has a set of access control information attached to it. Known as a security descriptor, this information controls the type of access allowed to users and groups. Permissions, which are defined within an object's security descriptor, are associated with, or assigned to, specific users and groups.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>See: </i><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/Course.aspx?ID=6292A&Locale=en-us">http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/Course.aspx?ID=6292A&Locale=en-us</a> <i>See: </i></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>See: </i><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/library/Cc961979" target="_blank">Where Access Control Information Comes From</a> </blockquote>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Sometimes <b>NTFS permissions</b> are called local permissions</i>,
because they apply no matter how you access the file and are always in effect. The two types of NTFS permissions are:<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Standard: </b>Basic permissions such as:</li>
<ul>
<li>Read</li>
<li>Write</li>
<li>Modify</li>
<li>Full Control</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Special: </b>Provides a finer degree of control to files and folders:</li>
<ul>
<li>Read/Write Attributes </li>
<li>Extended Attributes</li>
<li>Delete subfolders and files</li>
<li>Take Ownership and Synchronize.</li>
</ul>
</ol>
<br />
<o:p></o:p><b>Shared permissions</b> only apply to your access to a file or
folder based on a remote connection over a network share.<br />
<br />
<i>Note:</i> <i>Even if you access a
network share, the NTFS permissions still apply.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
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</h4>
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</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
What is Permission Inheritance?</h4>
<div>
The two types of permissions are:</div>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Explicit permissions:</b> Permissions set by default when the object is created or by user action.</li>
<li><b>Inherited Permissions:</b> Permissions propagated to objects from the parent object. <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc726071.aspx" target="_blank">Inherited Permissions</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To decide whether folders or subfolders inherit permissions, configure <b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc730772" target="_blank">Advanced Security Settings</a>.</b><o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731500" target="_blank">How Inheritance Affects File and Folder Permissions</a></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
Explicit permissions take precedence over inherited permissions, even inherited Deny permissions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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You can block inheritance and it will apply to the sub-folders
below the folder you set to block inheritance. <br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>See: </i><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc758779(v=ws.10)" target="_blank">How inheritance affects file and folder permissions</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
How Permissions work when Copying and Moving Files and Folders </h4>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When you copy or move a file or folder to a different NTFS
partition, the file or folder inherits permissions from the destination folder.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When you copy or move a file or folder within the same NTFS
partition, the file or folder inherits permissions from the new parent folder. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When moving (not copying) a file or
folder that has explicitly assigned permissions (were not received by
inheritance), the permissions are retained in addition to the new inherited
permissions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>See: </i><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/310316" target="_blank">How permissions are handled when you copy and move files and folders</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
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</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Effective Permissions?</h4>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Effective permissions are a file or folders’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">combined</i> permission set determined by
Windows 7 when a file or folder contains both user and group permissions.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771586.aspx" target="_blank">View Effective Permissions on Files and Folders</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">To determine effective permissions:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>User and group permissions are combined.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Deny permissions override allow permissions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772184.aspx" target="_blank">How Effective Permissions Are Determined</a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
The Effective Permissions feature:</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Calculates and displays the permissions granted
to user or group.</li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Determines all domain and local groups the user
is a member of.</li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>Takes into account permissions inherited from
parent object.</li>
</ul>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
Examples of Determining Effective Permissions<br />
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">You have </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: magenta;">Folder1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> and </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: orange;">Folder2</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> is a <i>sub-folder</i> of
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: magenta;">Folder1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">Inside </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: magenta;">Folder1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> is </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: magenta;">File1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> and inside </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: orange;">Folder2</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> is </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: orange;">File2</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white;">1 </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">The </span><b style="background-color: white;">Users</b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">
group has </span><b style="background-color: white;">Write</b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> permission for </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: magenta;">Folder1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">The</span><b style="background-color: white;"> Sales</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> group has </span><b style="background-color: white;">Read</b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">permission </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">for </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: magenta;">Folder1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">.</span></div>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
a.<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;"> </span></span>If you have a user that is in both the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Users</b> group and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sales</b> group, what is the user permissions
on <b style="background-color: magenta;">Folder1</b>? <span style="color: red;">The user permissions would be <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Read </b>and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Write.</b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">2 The </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Users </b>group
has <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Read </b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">permission </span><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">for</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: magenta;">Folder1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">.</span> </b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> The<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <span class="Apple-style-span">Sales </span></b><span class="Apple-style-span">group has <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Write </b></span><span class="Apple-style-span">permission </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">for </span><b style="background-color: orange;">Folder2</b><b style="background-color: white;">.</b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
a.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>What are the user permissions for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: magenta;">File1</span>? </b><span style="color: red;">The
user permission would be <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Read. </b></span><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
b.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>What are the user permissions for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: orange;">File2</span>? </b><span style="color: red;">The user permission would be <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Read </b>and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Write.</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">3 The <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Users </span><span class="Apple-style-span">group
has <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Modify </b></span><span class="Apple-style-span">permission </span><span class="Apple-style-span">for </span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: magenta;">Folder1</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">. </span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;"> </b><b style="background-color: orange;">File2</b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><b> </b>is available to the <b>Sales </b>group with <b>Read
</b>permission<b>.</b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"> </span></span>a. What are the permissions for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: orange;">File2</span>? </b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Because
of inheritance, the user now has <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Modify </b>permission<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>on <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: orange;">File2</span>. You should now <i>Block Inheritance</i> on <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: orange;">File2</span> so that the <b>Sales</b> group will retain the <b>Read </b>permissions on <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: orange;">File2</span>. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><i>see: </i><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771586.aspx" target="_blank">View Effective Permissions on Files and Folders</a></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: red;">
</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sLonDKpyZ3o/TyQofybk-cI/AAAAAAAAA6o/Ts2NVds6HEg/s1600/Folder_Data_Icon_256.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sLonDKpyZ3o/TyQofybk-cI/AAAAAAAAA6o/Ts2NVds6HEg/s1600/Folder_Data_Icon_256.png" /></a></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Managing Shared Folders</h3>
<h1>
<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
A Shared folder is a folder that uses network access to get to the folder’s
content.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You can share a folder, but not individual files. If you
want to share the file, you must put it in a folder to be shared. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are pre-created folders that can be shared called
<i>hidden shares.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The default shared permission is <b>Full Control</b> for the user
that shared the folder.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Folders can be shared using:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: Symbol;"></span><br />
<ul><span style="font-family: Symbol;">
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">The MMC Console <i>See: </i><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc709659.aspx" target="_blank">Microsoft Management Console 3.0</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Right-clicking on the folder in Windows Explorer</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Netsh command on the command-line <i>See: </i><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=23880" target="_blank">Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2008 Netsh Technical Reference</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times;">Computer Management </span></li>
</span></ul>
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772501" target="_blank">Set Permissions on a Shared Resource</a><br />
<ul><span style="font-family: Symbol;">
</span></ul>
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">
</span><o:p></o:p>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Methods of Sharing Folders</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><i><br /></i></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><i>See: </i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770406.aspx" target="_blank">Shared Folders</a></span></h3>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><b>Basic</b> Sharing<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span>Enables you to share folders quickly<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span>Allows you to configure permissions (not as
granular as NTFS permissions)<o:p></o:p><br />
<i style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">To share a folder using basic sharing, right-click the folder and click <b>Share with</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><b>Advanced</b> Sharing<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span>Configure permissions, simultaneous connections,
and caching options (for offline file sharing)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span>Choose the share name (<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">if it ends with a $ sign,
it becomes a hidden share</span>)<o:p></o:p><br />
<i style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">To use Advanced Sharing to share a folder, right-click the folder, click <b>Properties, </b>then click the <b>Sharing</b> tab, and click <b>Advanced Sharing</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> <b>
</b></span></span><b>Public</b> Sharing<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span>Multiple default Public folders for each
computer<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span>Files shared with the same computer and network<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span>Access controlled by permissions <o:p></o:p><br />
<i style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">To share something, simply copy or move it into one of the public folders.</i><br />
<i style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><br /></i>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<i><br /></i></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fC7wHwOVgBg/TTyolPT9-bI/AAAAAAAAASg/4mNQGRPmHR8/s1600/conversation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fC7wHwOVgBg/TTyolPT9-bI/AAAAAAAAASg/4mNQGRPmHR8/s200/conversation.jpg" width="189" /></a></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Combining NTFS and Share Permissions</h3>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Shared permissions cannot overwrite NTFS permissions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you have Full Control on a shared folder, and Read NTFS
permissions, you still only have Read permissions on the share because of NTFS.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you have Full Control NTFS permissions, and Read only on
the share, then you only get Read effective permissions on the share while
going through the network connection. But, if you log on locally, the share
permissions are not evaluated. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you are a member of multiple groups and each group has a
different set of share permissions, the effective share permissions will be the
accumulated permissions of the groups.
The same thing will apply with NTFS. You take the accumulated
permissions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Remote desktop is the same as local desktop, no share
permissions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
The Network and Sharing Center</h3>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
A centralized location that provides services to view, configure, and troubleshoot
network access and sharing related to network resources. <i> See:</i> <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771554(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Network and Sharing Center Operations Guide</a>. Access <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Network and Sharing Center</span> by going to Windows Control Panel, or type "Network and Sharing Center" on the Start menu.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">The Network and Sharing Center</span> tools:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>View a Network Map</li>
<li>Set Up a New Connection or Network</li>
<li>Change Advanced Sharing Options</li>
<li>Choose Homegroup and Sharing Options</li>
<li>Fix a Network Problem</li>
</ul>
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732044(v=ws.10)" target="_blank">Best Practices for Administering Network and Sharing Center </a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
View a Network Map</h4>
<div>
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">View a Network Map</span></b> graphically displays the computers and other network devices on your network. Network mapping uses <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_Layer_Topology_Discovery" target="_blank">Link-Layer Topology Discovery (LLTD)</a> and the <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd379858(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Function Discovery</a> service in Windows to determine what devices are on the network and their interconnection. You must download and install the <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=5577" target="_blank">LLTD Responder</a> component on Windows XP computers, in order to see the XP computers displayed on the Network Map.<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">View a Network Map</span> shows the active network devices in local area network that you can configure or troubleshoot. You can view the path from your computer through the network and receive diagnostics to determine any connection problems you might be having.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
To view the full map, click the <b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772177(v=ws.10)" target="_blank">See full map</a> </b>link. By default, the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">See full map</span> option is disabled on domains for end-users, but is available for network administrators.<br />
<br />
Your computer is always displayed in the upper-left corner and the other devices appear underneath. Infrastructure components (hubs, switches. router) that connect devices together, are on the right and show lines the connections from the devices to the infrastructure components to other devices on the network.<br />
<br />
Each device includes a description, icon, and the current connectivity state. Wireless connections show the wireless signal strength. Hover the mouse one the device for additional information, like the SSID. </div>
<div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/72/Windows_Vista_Network_and_Sharing_Center.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="484" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/72/Windows_Vista_Network_and_Sharing_Center.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/72/Windows_Vista_Network_and_Sharing_Center.png</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Set Up a New Connection or Network</h4>
<div>
In the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Network and Sharing Center</span>, you can also customize the active network connections, by changing the description and icon of network components. Click <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">View Status</span>, as pictured above. <i>note: You</i><i> are able to change the network location profile to private or public to change the firewall and visibility settings for the particular network connection.</i></div>
<div>
<i><br /></i></div>
<div>
You can set up a new connection:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Connect to the Internet. </b>Set up wireless, broadband, or dial-up connection to the Internet.</li>
<li><b>Set up a Network. </b>Set up a new router or access point.</li>
<li><b>Set up a Dial-up Connection. </b>Connect to Internet using a dial-up connection.</li>
<li><b>Connect to a Workplace. </b>Set up a dial-up or VPN connection to your workplace.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Change advanced sharing settings</h4>
<div>
<br />
The <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Network and Sharing Center </span> has a <b>Change advanced sharing settings </b>link where you can enabled, disable, and change the behavior of network services. When you connect to a network, for the first time, you must choose a network location. When you choose the network location, this sets the firewall, security, and sharing settings for the type of network location that you chose to connect to, so you will have the appropriate security level. In Windows 7, you have the following network locations:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Home. </b>A trusted home network, where you recognize all of the computers. Do not choose this location for public places. <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/What-is-network-discovery" target="_blank">Network discovery</a> is turned on for home networks. Network discovery allows other network users to see your computer.</li>
<li><b>Work. </b>A trusted work network or small office, where you recognize all of the computers at your work network. Do not choose this location for public places. Network discovery is turned on by default, but you can't create or join a <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/homegroup" target="_blank">HomeGroup</a>.</li>
<li><b>Public. </b>Choose a Public location when you are in a public location, such as a coffee shop or airport. This keeps other computers from seeing your computer and helps to protect your computer from malicious software. Network discovery is turned off and HomeGroup is unavailable. In addition, choose this location if you connect to the Internet without a router or if you have a mobile broadband connection. </li>
</ul>
<i>note: If you know you won't share files or printers, the safest option is public network. </i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>note: Windows 7 is configured by default to have Windows Firewall with Advanced Security. If you use another firewall, it might interfere with Network Discovery and file-sharing features.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div>
<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Choosing-a-network-location" target="_blank">Choosing a network location</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span id="goog_9932228"></span><span id="goog_9932229"></span><a href="http://draft.blogger.com/"></a>Choose home group and sharing options</h4>
<div>
<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/homegroup" target="_blank">HomeGroup</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The HomeGroup feature is available if a homegroup is defined on your network, or if you connected to a home group from a domain-joined computer. You can use HomeGroup to share pictures, music, video, documents, and printers, on your network between a group of computers. HomeGroup is password protected, so you can decide what is shared. You can also make your files "read only".</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
You can only create a HomeGroup on Windows 7 Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate, or Enterprise editions, but you can join a home group on any version of Windows 7.</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Fix a Network Problem </h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://using%20the%20network%20troubleshooter%20in%20windows%207/" target="_blank">Using the Network troubleshooter in Windows 7</a></h4>
<div>
<br />
Use this feature to diagnose and repair network problems for the following network components:</div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Internet connections</li>
<li>Connections to shared folders</li>
<li>HomeGroup</li>
<li>Network adapter</li>
<li>Incoming connections</li>
<li>Printers</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Configuring File Compression</h3>
<div>
<br />
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/251186" target="_blank">Best practices for NTFS compression in Windows</a></div>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
NTFS file compression is used by NTFS to compress files,
folders, and volumes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Compression is used to save disk space and conserve
bandwidth on the transmission of data.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AOxIwOLTEBI/UAcMMKppMhI/AAAAAAAABKw/rDNlC0XgQ3s/s1600/dreamstimefree_181320.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="140" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AOxIwOLTEBI/UAcMMKppMhI/AAAAAAAABKw/rDNlC0XgQ3s/s200/dreamstimefree_181320.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
System files and folders are not compressed.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Compression is an NTFS attribute.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
New files created in a compressed folder are compressed by default.<br />
<br />
The compression state of a folder, does not necessarily reflect the state of compression for the files contained within the folder. A folder can be compressed without compressing its contents. Some or all of the files in a compressed folder can be uncompressed. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
NTFS calculates the disk space based on the uncompressed
file size. For example, if you only have 5 MB of space left, and you compress
your files thinking you will get more space, the system still shows you only
have 5 MB of space available.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Applications only see the uncompressed data when a
compressed file is opened. When a compressed file is opened, it is automatically decompressed by Windows. Then, when it is closed, Windows automatically compresses the file again.<br />
<br />
NTFS-compressed files and folders names are displayed in a different color.<br />
<br />
NTFS-compressed files cannot be encrypted. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Compressed files can slow some applications down.
But, this is not such an issue today.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>note: Use the <b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490884.aspx" target="_blank">compact</a></b> command-line tool to manage NTFS compression.</i></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
Impact of Moving and Copying Compressed Files and Folders</h4>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you <b>copy</b> a compressed file, the file <i>inherits</i><i> the
compression settings of the folder you copy the file into.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you <b>move</b> a compressed file <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">within the <b>same</b></i><b> </b><i>NTFS partition, the file settings of the folder
stay the same.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you <b>move</b> a compressed file to a <i><b>different </b>NTFS partition, it is the same as a copy</i>, so the file inherits the compression settings of the folder you copy the file into.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you move or copy to a FAT partition, file compression is
not supported.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
</h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
What are compressed (zipped) folders?</h4>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You can compress with the zip feature in both NTFS and FAT.
It is not NTFS compression. It is a zipped compression.<br />
<br />
<i>note: Compressed (zipped) folders can be moved and copied without change between volumes, drives, and file systems. </i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i><a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Compress-and-uncompress-files-zip-files" target="_blank">Compress and uncompress files (zip files)</a></i></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-24970984084583999972012-06-14T21:14:00.000-04:002012-06-27T12:42:22.244-04:00How I Got My Macbook's Cracked LCD Panel Repaired<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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If you ever travel with your laptop, be sure to put it in a carryon designed for laptops.<br />
<br />
As you know, airlines have a limit for the number of bags you can carry on a flight. You are allowed one small carryon and one personal bag. If you exceed that amount, those bags must be checked. On a recent flight, I packed my Macbook securely, so I thought, between clothing in the carryon luggage. There was not enough room in the carryon to put the laptop case inside, where it would have been more secure. I couldn't carry the laptop in a separate carryon because my other carryon was my purse. My rational was the laptop would be safe because the carryon was with me and I wouldn't be throwing the bag around like the luggage handlers do.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
After arriving at the airport, since we had the time, we decided to have dinner. We wanted to relax and enjoy the trip. It was my daughter's sixteenth birthday, and we had decided to take her and four of her friends to Turks and Caicos instead of throwing her a big sweet sixteen birthday party. She was happy with that idea. She had already been to several other sweet sixteen parties and they are pretty much the same theme. The sweet sixteen party thing seems to be big here in Long Island. It costs thousands of dollars and it was a relief to not have to stress over the work and all the preparation for the party. I had already paid a non-refundable $400.00 down payment just for the dresses. (At least I get a credit for a later date - graduation party maybe?)<br />
<br />
After we finished dinner, we realized it was boarding time. We scrambled to the gate, laughing and running all the way with the teenage girls. Just as I was getting ready to enter the plane, the stewardess says, "No, we are going to have to put this down below (my carryon). There is no more room on the plane." She grabbed my bag and proceeded to walk away with it, as I protested, "...but...my computer is in there....". Bottom line, I allowed here to take my bag, and went ahead and boarded the flight not giving it much thought as I was relieved to have made it on time.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-F1h-HgKkk_g/T9oY1XRXrkI/AAAAAAAABEA/3YJNY5fon2Q/s1600/6072a29ea44b11e19dc71231380fe523_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-F1h-HgKkk_g/T9oY1XRXrkI/AAAAAAAABEA/3YJNY5fon2Q/s200/6072a29ea44b11e19dc71231380fe523_5.jpg" width="200" /></a>Later when we were unpacking, I opened my bag and alas....my macbook's LCD screen was cracked. Needless to say, I was very unhappy and had no one to blame but myself for not speaking up and demanding that the stewardess let me get the computer out of the carryon before she tossed it in the cargo hold of the airplane.<br />
<br />
After returning home, I googled LCD screens for this particular macbook and kept coming up in the $400.00 price range. The macbook was old, originally my daughter's first computer. As she gets better stuff, I get the old. You know how that goes. It is still in good condition, except for the cracked screen. But, I decided for $400.00, I would just put up with it, until I could find a cheaper LCD panel.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Several months later, the cracked screen began to really annoy me as it became a headache to look around the cracks, especially when reading. I do have other Windows computers, but still like to use the Mac from time to time. I googled for LCD screen replacements once again, and found a great deal for $119.00 at <a href="http://www.powerbookmedic.com/" target="_blank">www.powerbookmedic.com</a>. <a href="http://www.powerbookmedic.com/" target="_blank">PowerbookMedic</a> will also replace the screen for you at a reasonable price, but, I assumed I could do it myself, since I do enjoy that sort of challenge.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.powerbookmedic.com/" target="_blank">PowerbookMedic</a> has how-to videos on the site. It really is an awesome site for Mac repair. I had never replaced an LCD panel, so I pulled up the site on my Windows laptop and started the repair video as I was taking apart the macbook. The video is a step-by-step process that takes you though the disassembling process for whatever problem you might have with your mac computer.<br />
<br />
A zillion screws this thing had. Do they really have to design it with so many screws? I tried labeling them as I went. It was not an easy task, with the dogs running around and barking at every sound in the front yard. My daughter calling for rides here and there, phone ringing with politicians requesting donations. Distractions, distractions....<br />
<br />
Well, after a long and laborious process of getting the laptop put back together, with a few missing screws, I plugged it in, and heard the start up chime...I was thrilled. But....no picture. Disappointed, I realized the LCD cable had probably come loose.<br />
<br />
No way I was going to go through taking that thing apart again. I shipped it out to <a href="http://www.powerbookmedic.com/" target="_blank">PowerbookMedic</a> and called to explain my predicament. The Macbook was returned to me, yesterday, in tip-top shape, reassembled for a very reasonable fee of $95.00. The tech said I had done good in the reassembly. The problem was as I thought, the LCD cable had come lose.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kLxQJstWNk0/T5Yqa1_Gm0I/AAAAAAAABDE/KbIE9wyJcNI/s1600/File+Server+Resources.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kLxQJstWNk0/T5Yqa1_Gm0I/AAAAAAAABDE/KbIE9wyJcNI/s1600/File+Server+Resources.jpg" /></a>I am not saying I will not try replacing Macbook LCD panels again. When enough time passes, and the pain of it all has receded, if I get a request, I will try again. Maybe this time it will be easier. Practice makes perfect. In the meantime, if you need a mac part or repair of any kind, I highly recommend <a href="http://www.powerbookmedic.com/" target="_blank">PowerbookMedic</a>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<iframe style="border: none 0; width: 550px; height: 676px" frameborder="0" src="http://www.mbaonline.com/cost-of-iphone-embed/"></iframe><br /><p>Created by <a href="http://www.mbaonline.com/">MBAonline.com</a></p>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-68690471622526453732012-04-24T00:33:00.002-04:002012-08-22T21:47:02.858-04:00Quick Check Facts for Windows Server 2008, Active Directory Network Infrastructure<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>IPv6 </i></b><br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd392266(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">IPv6 Addressing </a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>IPv6 address space is 128 bits (16 bytes)</b></li>
<ul>
<li><strong>Large address space. </strong>Divided along 16-bit boundaries, converted to 4 digit hexadecimal numbers, separated by colons - known as colon hexadecimal .</li>
</ul>
<li><div style="text-align: left;">
<strong>Simpler host configuration. </strong>IPv6 supports dynamic client configuration by using DHCPv6 and IPv6 also enables routers to configure hosts dynamically. </div>
</li>
<li><strong>Improved routing efficiency. </strong>Reduces how many routes the Internet must process by supporting hierarchical routing. </li>
<li><strong>Built-in security. </strong>IPv6 ensures all hosts encrypt data while in transit by including native IPSec support.</li>
<ul><ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>IPv6 address types</b></li>
<ul>
<li><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc759208(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Unicast</a></b>. Packets delivered to a unicast address are delivered to a single interface, one-to-one communication</li>
<li><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc781068(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Multicast</a>.</b> Packets are delivered to multiple interfaces, one-to-many. One-to-many communication between computers that are defined as using the same multicast address. Multicast addresses have the first 8 bits set to 1111 1111 or FF
</li>
<li><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc759104(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Anycast</a>.</b> Identifies multiple interfaces, but delivered to a single interface, the closest one. Used for locating services or the nearest router.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Global </b><b>Unicast</b> address </li>
<ul>
<li>Equivalent to IPv4 public addresses</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Identified by the FP (Format Prefix) of 001 (globally routable and reachable on the IPv6 Internet</li>
<li>The scope of a global unicast address is the entire IPv6 Internet</li>
<li>The address prefix of a currently assigned <b>global address</b> is <b>2000::/3</b></li>
<li>The combination of the first 3 high-order fixed bits and the 45-bit Global Routing Prefix is a 48-bit prefix assigned to an individual site</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>The next 16 bits are the Subnet ID </li>
<li>The Interface ID field is the next 64-bits <a name='more'></a></li>
</ul>
<li><b>Link-local </b> <b>Unicast</b> address </li>
<ul>
<li>Used by nodes to communicate on the local network segment and for neighbor discovery processes</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Identified by the FP of <b>1111 1110 10</b></li>
<li><b>Link-local</b> addresses are equivalent to APIPA IPv4 addresses and always <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc778502(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">automatically configured</a></li>
<li>Link-local addresses always begin with FE80</li>
<li>The prefix for <b>link-local</b> addresses is always <b>FE80::/64</b></li>
<li>An IPv6 router never forwards a link-local address beyond the link</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Site-local</b> <b>Unicast</b> address </li>
<ul>
<li>Equivalent to the IPv4 private site addressing</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Identified by the FP of <b>1111 1110 11</b></li>
<li>The scope of the site-local address is the site/organization</li>
<li>The site-local address must be assigned through stateless or stateful address configuration</li>
<li>The first 10 bits of a <b>site-local </b>address are always fixed, <b>FEC0::/10</b></li>
<li>The next 54 bits is a subnet identifier (Subnet ID field)</li>
<li>After the 54-bit Subnet ID field, is the 64-bit Interface ID field that identifies a specific interface in the subnet</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Special IPv6 <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>Unicast</b> address</span></b></li>
<ul>
<li><b>Unspecified </b>address 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 or :: indicates the absence of an address</li>
<li><b>Loopback </b>address 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1 or ::1 identifies a loopback interface, enables a node to send packets to itself; equivalent to the IPv4 loopback address of 127.0.0.1</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Compatibility </b><b>Unicast</b> address</li>
<ul>
<li>To aid in the migration of IPv4 to IPv6 and the coexistence of both types</li>
</ul>
<li><strong style="background-color: white; font-family: "Segoe UI", Verdana, Arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">To enable ISATAP (Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol)</strong></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", Verdana, Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">IPv6 transition mechanism to transmit IPv6 packets on top of an IPv4 network</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI", Verdana, Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Disabled by default in Server 2008</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong style="background-color: white; font-family: "Segoe UI", Verdana, Arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">netsh interface isatap set state enabled</strong></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<ul>
<b><i><br /></i></b></ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>IPv4</i></b><br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5nDlNYkmUpc/T5YlJyD8dJI/AAAAAAAABCM/HC__3OEX1ds/s1600/network+pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="149" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5nDlNYkmUpc/T5YlJyD8dJI/AAAAAAAABCM/HC__3OEX1ds/s200/network+pic.jpg" width="200" /></a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>IPv4 address space is 32-bit binary (Base 2)</b></li>
<ul>
<li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">D</span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">ivided along 8-bit boundaries called octets, converted to decimal, separated by periods called a dotted decimal notation</span></b></li>
<li>The number of hosts depends on the number of bits in the subnet mask</li>
<li>The subnet mask determines which part is the network address and which part is the host address</li>
</ul>
<li><b>To calculate the number of hosts bits in a subnet mask</b></li>
<ul>
<li>2^n-2, where n is the number of host bits</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Types of IPv4 addresses</b></li>
<ul>
<li><b>Unicast. </b><i>One-to-one communication</i>, a single network interface assigned to one subnet</li>
<li><b>Multicast. </b><i>One-to-many communication,</i> assigned to one or more interfaces assigned to multiple subnets</li>
<li><b>Broadcast. </b><i>One-to-everyone communication</i>, assigned to all network interfaces located on a subnet</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Network classes</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Class A. Default subnet mask 255.0.0.0 and have 0-127 as their first octet.</li>
<ul>
<li>10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 are used for private IP addressing</li>
<li>127.0.0.1 is used for a loopback address</li>
</ul>
<li>Class B. Default subnet mask 255.255.0.0 and have 128-192 as their first octet.</li>
<ul>
<li>169.254.0.1 - 169.254.255.254 are used for APIPA </li>
<li>172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 are used for private IP addressing</li>
</ul>
<li>Class C. Default subnet mask 255.255.255.0 and have 192-223 as their first octet.</li>
<ul>
<li>192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 are used for private IP addressing</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<b><i>DHCP</i></b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>DHCPv6 </b>can provide stateless <i>configuration settings</i> or stateful <i>address configuration</i> to IPv6 hosts.</li>
<ul>
<li><em><strong>Stateless</strong></em> autoconfiguration is used for configuration settings from the DHCP server.</li>
<li><em><strong>Stateful</strong></em> address auto configuration is used to configure both IP addresses and other configuration settings from the DHCP server.</li>
</ul>
<li><i><strong>With IPv6, you don't need DHCP to configure addresses</strong>,</i> although your network might benefit from using a DHCP.</li>
<li>When a DHCP server is configured on a domain, <strong>the DHCP server checks itself against the domain's<i> list </i>of<i> authorized DHCP servers </i>and<i> if the DHCP server's IP address is not on the list, the DHCP server will shut itself down.</i></strong></li>
<li>Use <b>netsh </b>to <strong>authorize the server in Active Directory and configure DHCP scope information</strong> if a server is running Windows Server 2008 Server Core and is part of a domain in Active Directory.</li>
<li><i><strong>Standalone DHCP servers cannot coexist with another authorized DHCP server</strong></i> on the same subnet.</li>
<li><strong>Reservations in DHCP</strong></li>
<ul>
<li> Permanent lease assignments used for clients that require a constant IP address.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>User Classes </b>in DHCP are used to specify a different DHCP configuration from the default DHCP configuration.</li>
<ul>
<li>When a client computer sends a request for an IP address, the DHCP will check to see if there is a user class before assigning an IP address to the client.</li>
<li>To identify clients in certain sites and locations. For example, clients using specific printers in a department could be in the same user class.</li>
<li>To assign certain options based on the user class. For example, you might want to assign Internet access to only certain user classes.</li>
</ul>
<li><strong>DHCP Options</strong></li>
<ul>
<li>Additional configuration parameters for clients. The most common options for IPv4 are:</li>
<ul>
<li><strong>003 Router </strong>Perferred list of IPv4 router addresses that are on the same subnet as the DHCP clients .</li>
<li><strong>006 DNS Servers </strong>IP addresses for DNS name servers. </li>
<li><strong>015 DNS Domain Name </strong>The domain name DHCP clients use when resolving unqualified names, and also allows clients to perform dynamic DNS updates.</li>
<li><strong>044 WINS/NBNS Servers</strong> Primary and secondary WINS servers IPv4 addresses.</li>
<li><strong>046 WINS/NBT Node Type </strong>In order for WINS to function properly, you must set option 046. The perferred NetBIOS name resolution method, such as b-node or h-node.</li>
<li><strong>051 Lease </strong>A special lease duration for remote access clients.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>Dism </b>command in Windows Server 2008 R2 Server Core is <strong>used to add the DHCP Server role</strong>.</li>
<ul>
<li><b>Dism /online /enable-feature /featurename:DHCPServerCore</b></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><i>Routing</i></b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>RIP (Routing Information Protocol) </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Used to maintain routing information and routing tables in Windows Server 2008 R2.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Enables RRAS servers to exchange routing information with other routers.</li>
<li>RIP needs to be enabled on a RRAS server.</li>
<li>Disadvantage of RIP is its inability to scale to large networks.</li>
<ul>
<li>Maximum hop count used by RIP routers is 15.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><strong>Administer DHCP remotely</strong></li>
<ul>
<li>Add <b>UDP ports 67 </b>and <b>2535 </b>and<b> </b><b>Tcpsvcs.exe </b>to the Windows Firewall exception list. </li>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>Netsh add route </b>command</li>
<ul>
<li> Add IPv6 routing information</li>
</ul>
<li><b>route </b>command is <strong>used to view and change entries in the local IP routing table</strong> (you can administer routes more quickly using the command line rather than the Routing and Remote Access console).</li>
<ul>
<li><b>add </b>to add a route</li>
<li><b>change</b> to make changes to an existing route</li>
<li><b>delete</b> to delete a route or several routes</li>
<li><b>print </b>to view routing tables</li>
<li><b>-p </b>to make persistent entries in the routing table by adding a static route directly to the registry</li>
</ul>
<li><b>route </b>command parameters </li>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", Verdana, Arial; font-size: 13px;"><strong>route</strong></span> [<strong>-f</strong>] [<strong>-p</strong>] [<em>Command</em> [<em>Destination</em>] [<strong>mask</strong> <em>Netmask</em>] [<em>Gateway</em>] [<strong>metric</strong> <em>Metric</em>]] [<strong>if</strong> <em>Interface</em>]]</li>
<li><i>Destination</i> is used to configure the network destination for a route</li>
<li><b>mask</b> <i>Netmask</i><b> </b>is used to configure the subnet mask </li>
<li><i>Gateway</i> is used to configure the next hop address</li>
<li><b>metric </b><i>Metric</i><b> </b>is used to configure an integer cost metric for a route</li>
<li><i><b>if </b>Interface</i> is used to configure the interface index on the interface for which the destination network can be reached</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<b><i>Windows Firewall with Advanced Security</i></b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><strong>Manage firewall and IPSec configuration settings</strong></li>
<ul>
<li><strong>Netsh advfirewall </strong></li>
<li><b>Windows Firewall with Advanced Security</b> Group Policy settings using GPMC</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Authenticate IPSec </b>with domain user accounts using <b>Kerberos </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Windows Vista or later OS </li>
<li>Windows Server 2008 and later servers</li>
</ul>
<li><b>IPSec </b>can be used for both</li>
<ul>
<li> <strong>Authentication </strong>and <b>encryption</b></li>
</ul>
<li><b>Authentication bypass rule</b></li>
<ul>
<li><strong> </strong>Lets traffic protected by IPSec bypass Windows firewall regardless of incoming rules.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>UDP ports 67 and 2535</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Support remote administration for DHCP servers</li>
<li>Should be added to the Windows Firewall exceptions list on the target server</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Inbound rules </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Explicitly allow or block traffic directed to the computer from other hosts that match the criteria of the rule.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Outbound rules</b></li>
<ul>
<li><strong> </strong>Explicitly allow or block traffic originating from the computer if it matches the criteria of the rule.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>netsh firewall show state</b></li>
<ul>
<li><strong> </strong>Displays the current firewall configuration</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><i>DNS server</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Recursion</b></li>
<ul>
<li>By default, DNS performs recursion on behalf of its DNS clients and servers that have forwarded DNS client queries to it. DNS servers query other DNS servers for the requesting client to fully resolve the name and sends an answer back to the client.</li>
<li>Attackers can use recursion to deny the DNS Server service. Unless recursion is needed, you should disable it. If you disable recursion, the DNS server will only resolve names for which it is authoritative.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Conditional forwarder</b></li>
<ul>
<li> A DNS server used to forward DNS queries according to the DNS domain name in the query.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Root hints</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Used to provide a list of names and addresses of DNS servers that are authoritative for the root zone of the DNS namespace. Root hints can be used for resolving external names that cannot be resolved from a DNS server or by sending the request to a forwarder. Root hints are contained in a file named CACHE.DNS that is located in the \\Windows\System32\DNS folder. It is a text listing of IP addresses with the matching root DNS servers.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Stub zone</b></li>
<ul>
<li><b> </b>A copy of a zone that contains only the resource records that are necessary to identify the authoritative DNS servers for the zone. A Stub zone consist of:</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Start of Authority (SOA) resource record, Name Server (NS) resource records, and glue A resource records for the zone.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>IP address of one or more master servers that can be used to update the zone.</li>
<li>Stub zones help reduce the amount of DNS traffic on your network.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>dnscmd /clearcache</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Command to clear the DNS server cache. Name resolution problems can occur when a DNS server has cached a record that has changed. Clearing the cache removes the stale records.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<li><b>dnscmd /resetlistenaddresses</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Command to set the IP address to service DNS requests. </li>
<li>Example: <b>dnscmd dns1 resetlistenaddresses 192.168.10.1</b></li>
<ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>netsh interface reset</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Command to reset an interface's configuration.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<li><b>netsh interface delete</b></li>
<ul>
<li><b> </b>Command to delete an interface.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>start /w ocsetup DNS-Server-Core-Role</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Install the DNS Server Role in Server Core. Using the <b>/w </b>prevents the command prompt from returning until the installation is complete.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>oclist</b></li>
<ul>
<li>To discover the available server roles. It also lists the server roles and features currently installed. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><i>DNS zones</i></b><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>GlobalNames zone</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Provides single-name resolution for networks <i>without</i> a WINS server.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Global Names zone resolution must have all authoritative <i>DNS servers running Windows Server 2008 or later.</i></li>
<li>Global Names zone must be <i>integrated with Active Directory f</i>or deployment across multiple domains and forests.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Active Directory Integrated </b>zones</li>
<ul>
<li> <em>Provide name resolution</em> even when a WAN link is temporarily unavailable between domains if there is an authoritative DNS server installed on a domain controller.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Stub zone</b></li>
<ul>
<li>A copy of a zone that <i>contains only the resource records that are necessary to identify the authoritative DNS servers for the zone</i>. This enables the DNS server hosting the parent zone to be aware of the authoritative servers for the child zones. A stub zone is kind of like a secondary zone because it obtains its resource records from other name servers, and a stub zone is read-only like a secondary zone. However, stub zones contain only three types of resource records: a copy of the SOA record for the zone, copies of NS records for all name servers that are authoritative for the zone, and copies of A records for all the name servers authoritative for the zone.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Secondary zone </b></li>
<ul>
<li>A <i>read-only copy of a zone</i> that was copied from the master server during zone transfer.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Automatic scavenging</b></li>
<ul>
<li><strong> </strong><em>Removes outdated DNS records </em>that can accumulate in the zone over time. <em>Disabled by default, must be enabled for a zone. </em>DNS records that are manually created by an Administrator are NEVER scavenged.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>dnscmd </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Used to <i>view and change the properties of DNS servers, zones, resource records, and zone types.</i></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>Three zone types:</strong></li>
<strong>
</strong><ul><strong>
</strong>
<li><strong>Primary</strong></li>
<strong>
</strong>
<li><strong>Secondary</strong></li>
<strong>
</strong>
<li><strong>Stub</strong></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>Expiry </b>field of the SOA record</li>
<ul>
<li> <em>Determines how long the secondary zone server can service records </em>without being able to contact the primary zone server for an update.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><i>DNS Records</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>AAAA </b></li>
<ul>
<li>IPv6 resource record used to resolve FQDN host names to IPv6 addresses.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>CNAME</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Sometimes called canonical name, the resource record enables you to register a different FQDN for a computer already registered with a host A record.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>HINFO (host information) </b>record </li>
<ul>
<li>Contains recorded information about a host's CPU type and operating system.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>SRV </b>records </li>
<ul>
<li>Used to locate computers running specific services.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>PTR</b> records</li>
<ul>
<li>Used for reverse lookups.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>WKS</b> <i>(Well Known Service)</i> record </li>
<ul>
<li>Identifies a server that hosts a well-known service, such as the FTP service.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Includes the host, the IP address of the host, whether the protocol is TCP or UDP, and a list of services the host provides.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>DNS Replication</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Background zone loading </b>in Windows Server 2008 R2 </li>
<ul>
<li>Allows DNS to respond to queries more quickly because zone data is loaded in the background from AD DS while the DNS server restarts. Enables the server to respond to client requests by requesting data from other available zones.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>dnscmd </b><i>ServerName </i><b>/zoneupdatefromds </b><i>ZoneName </i></li>
<ul>
<li>Use to manually update Active Directory Integrated zones.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>dnscmd /zonerefresh </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Forces a refresh of the secondary zone from the master zone.</li>
<li>The minimum amount of time before a record can be removed is equal to the refresh interval plus the no-refresh interval</li>
</ul>
<li><b>RODC </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Read-only copy of a domain controller.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>The DNS Server Role provides primary read-only zones on RODCs.</li>
<li>RODCs are good for branch offices that are not physically secure enough for a domain controller.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><i>Name Resolution for client computers</i></b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Primary DNS server</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Should be the <i>physically nearest domain controller </i>for a client.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>DNS server addresses list</b> box</li>
<ul>
<li> Used to specify the IP address of each DNS server. </li>
<li><i>Priority is determined by the order</i>. If the first DNS server is not able to respond to a name-resolution request, the next one is used.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Caching-only DNS servers</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Also known as <i>forwarding only servers</i></li>
<li>DNS servers that build a local server cache of names learned while querying recursively on behalf of clients. The names are then available when answering subsequent queries.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Caching-only DNS servers do not host any zones.</li>
<li>Caching-only DNS servers are not authoritative.</li>
<li>Good for remote sites with a slow network link where full zone transfers might consume too much bandwidth.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Conditional forwarder</b></li>
<ul>
<li>DNS server configured to forward DNS queries, according to the DNS domain name in the query, to the authoritative DNS server.</li>
<li>Helps to keep traffic generated by name requests to a minimum by limiting the number of DNS servers that have to connect to the Internet and other external networks.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>LLMNR (Link-local multicast name resolution) </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Provides host name resolution on the local subnet for IPv4 <em>and</em> IPv6 addresses.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>GNZ (Global Names Zone) </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Provides single-name resolution throughout the network, across forest boundaries.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>DNS records in a GNZ must be entered manually.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>HOST </b>file </li>
<ul>
<li>Stored on a local computer.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Contains a list of host names and IP addresses.</li>
<li>Used for host-name resolution.</li>
<li>The client first checks the local DNS cache (<em>the Hosts file is loaded here</em>), before querying the DNS server.</li>
</ul>
<li><strong>Block name resolution for a computer on</strong> <strong>DNS</strong></li>
<ul>
<li>Configure a <b>global query block list </b></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>All domain controllers must run Windows Server 2008 R2</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<b><i><br /></i></b> </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b><i>Remote Access</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Remote Desktop Gateway (RD Gateway)</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Formerly known as <b>Terminal Services</b></li>
<li>Provides <strong>Remote Desktop Services </strong>for authorized clients with access to internal resources.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>RD Gateway uses <b>Transport Layer Security (TLS) </b>to encrypt communications.</li>
<li>RD Gateway uses <b>Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) over HTTPS </b>to establish a secure, encrypted connection between remote users on the Internet and internal resources. You should get user certificates from the internal certificate authority and every server must be configured for Network Level Authentication to only allow Remote Desktop client computers access.</li>
<li>When the Remote Desktop session is active, RD locks the target computer to prevent interactive logons for the session.</li>
<li>Use <b>Remote Desktop Services CAP (Connection Authorization Policy)</b> to identify user or computer groups to secure access to the server resources.</li>
<li>Define a <b>Remote Desktop Services Resource Authorization Policy (RAP) </b>to identify the resources for which they have access.</li>
<ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>Network Policy and Access Services (NPAS)</b> role</li>
<ul>
<li><b>Network Policy Server (NPS)</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Replacement for <strong>Internet Authentication Service (IAS)</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Microsoft implementation of the <b>RADIUS</b> server</li>
<li><em><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Must have a server certificate.</span></em> </li>
<li>Can use either <span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><strong>Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) </strong> or <strong>Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)</strong>.</span></li>
<li>NPS performs centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for network access, including:</li>
<ul>
<li><b>VPN</b></li>
<li><b>Wireless.</b> <i>Wireless access points must support 802.1x to be configured as clients to NPS. </i></li>
<ul>
<li><i>Configure them as <b>RADIUS</b> clients to pass authentication requests to NPS.</i> </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>By default, <b><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) with Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MS-CHAP) version 2.</span> PEAP </b>helps to prevent rogue wireless access points on the network. <b>MS-CHAPv2</b> uses passwords for authentication.<b> </b></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>NPS as a RADIUS proxy</li>
<ul>
<li>NPS forwards authentication and accounting messages to other RADIUS servers</li>
</ul>
<li>NPS can be configured as a NAP policy server</li>
<ul>
<li>Acts as a health evaluation server for <b>Network Access Protection (NAP)</b></li>
</ul>
<li>Configure <b>connection request policies:</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Use the policies node of the <b>Network Policy Server </b>snap-in or use the <b>netsh </b>command-line utility to create connection request policies</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<ul><ul><ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS)</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Allows remote users or site-to-site connectivity to access your private network over:</li>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li><b>VPN.</b> Routing and Remote Access tunnels data through the Internet and acts as a gateway to the internal network. Data transferred through a VPN is encrypted. RRAS includes support for three standards-based VPN protocols:</li>
<ol>
<li>A new VPN protocol <b>Secure Sockets Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) </b>allows Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol packets to be sent over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over SSL (HTTPS) using <strong>port 443</strong>.</li>
<ul>
<li>SSTP supported by Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>L2TP/IPSec </b>allows <span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">end-to-end</span> encryption and <span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><span style="background-color: white;">computer</span> <span style="background-color: white;">authentication</span></span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span>on a VPN. L2TP/IPSec uses <span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">PPP for user authentication and IPSec for machine authentication</span>.</li>
<ul>
<li>L2TP traffic is sent over <strong>UDP port 1701</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>L2TP/IPSec authenticates both the user and the computer.</li>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">User and computer client certificates are required.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>PPTP </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Traffic uses <b>TCP port 1723 </b>to create a connection </li>
<li>Uses <b>IP protocol 47</b> to send data. </li>
<li>A PPTP control connection is established from a dynamically-allocated TCP port on the PPTP client to TCP port 1723 on the PPTP server. </li>
<li>Uses <span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><strong>Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)</strong> for user authentication</span>, and 128-bit <strong>Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE)</strong> for data encryption.</li>
<li>Client computer is not authenticated with PPTP.</li>
</ul>
</ol>
<li><strong>EAP-TLS </strong>supports smart card authentication for VPN clients</li>
<ol>
</ol>
<li><b>Dial-up networking</b></li>
<li><b>Internet Protocol (IP) router </b>for connecting subnets in a private network</li>
<li><b>Network address translator (NAT)</b> for connecting a private network to the Internet</li>
<li><b>Dial-up and VPN site-to-site-demand-dial router</b></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>Health Registration Authority (HRA)</b></li>
<li><b>Host Credential Authorization Protocol (HCAP)</b></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<b><i>Network Access Protection (NAP)</i></b><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>NAP </b>controls network access based on a <span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">client computer's health compliance</span> requirements. </li>
<li>Health checks make sure</li>
<ul>
<li>Firewall software is enabled.</li>
<li>Antivirus is running and signatures are up to date. </li>
</ul>
<li><b>NAP Policy Server </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Evaluates statements of health that are sent by NAP-capable client computers attempting to communicate with the network.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Remediation Server </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Placed on the restricted network and can be accessed by non-compliant clients.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Remediation servers are added to the Remediation server groups</li>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Remediation server groups can be used with NAP only when you deploy <b>DHCP NAP enforcement </b>or <b>VPN Nap enforcement</b></span></li>
</ul>
<li>Remediation server is responsible for</li>
<ul>
<li>Installing necessary patches, configurations, or applications to bring a non-compliant client computer to a healthy state.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<em><strong>Direct Access</strong></em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><strong>Allows remote access to intranet resources using bi-directional connectivity</strong></li>
<ul>
<li>Clients are able to access resources anytime they have an Internet connection without having to connect to a VPN.</li>
<li>Administrators can restrict who has access and to what resources.</li>
<li>Remote users are able to receive updates and be centrally managed as if they are local.</li>
</ul>
<li><strong>Requirements for using DirectAccess</strong></li>
<ul>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iLgSlQsBR9w/T5YphP3abDI/AAAAAAAABC0/JVozpGHh5Jw/s1600/direct+access.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="149" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iLgSlQsBR9w/T5YphP3abDI/AAAAAAAABC0/JVozpGHh5Jw/s200/direct+access.jpg" width="200" /></a>
<li><i>One or more</i> DirectAccess servers with Windows Server 2008 R2 with two NICs </li>
<ul>
<li>One for the internal network </li>
<li>One for the Internet</li>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li>The NIC connected to the Internet must be assigned two public consecutive IPv4 addresses </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>DirectAccess servers and clients are required to be domain members</li>
<li>Clients require <i>Windows 7 Enterprise or higher</i></li>
<li>DirectAccess uses <b>IPv6 over IPSec</b>, so both client and server required to use IPv6 over IPSec</li>
<li>Domain controller and DNS server running Windows Server SP2 or Windows Server 2008 R2</li>
<li>Clients required to use the internal DNS server to locate intranet servers and resolve using a AAAA resource record</li>
<li><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><b>PKI</b> required because certificates are used for authentication</span></li>
</ul>
<li><b>DirectAccess Setup Wizard</b> used to configure client computers for DirectAccess</li>
<ul>
<li>Add computers to a security group</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul>
<b><br /></b></ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>Configure a File Server</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>File Services Resource Manager (FSRM) </b>MMC has three components for managing storage resources on local or remote servers:</li>
<ul>
<li><b>Quota Management</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Can apply quota templates or can apply quotas manually on individual folders</li>
<ul>
<li>If you later change the settings in the template, the new quota will be reflected for all quotas created in the template</li>
</ul>
<li>Configure quotas by volume or folder (Windows Server 2008 R2)</li>
<li>Quota Usage report shows quotas that have reached the specified level</li>
</ul>
<li><b>File-screening management</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Can apply screening templates to filter certain file types from being saved</li>
<li>By volume or directory tree</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Configure Notification Types for exceeding quota limits or attempting to save an unauthorized file</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Email</li>
<li>Event log</li>
<li>Command</li>
<li>Report</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Storage reports management</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Built-in reports to track quota usage, file screening, and storage management</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2esAUsqUUhA/T5YqCYseqAI/AAAAAAAABC8/6AqLqXyv4Mo/s1600/remote+access+lady.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="163" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2esAUsqUUhA/T5YqCYseqAI/AAAAAAAABC8/6AqLqXyv4Mo/s200/remote+access+lady.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<b><i>Distributed File System (DFS)</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>DFS </b>offers WAN-friendly replication and simplified access and high-availability to geographically dispersed files. Two technologies are available in DFS:</li>
<ul>
<li><b>DFS Namespaces </b>lets you group shared folders located on different servers into one or more namespaces that appear to the user as one folder with a series of sub-folders</li>
<ul>
<li><b>dfscmd /add </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Add a shared folder as a target folder to an existing DFS folder</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Access-based enumeration. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Enable so users will only see files and folders they have permission to access. <i>Not enabled by default, though it is enabled by default on newly created shared folders in Windows Server 2008.</i></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><i><strong>dfsutil property abde enable \\</strong> <namespace_root></namespace_root></i></li>
</ul>
<li><b>dfsdiag </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Used to diagnose and help resolve namespace issues.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>dfsradmin</b></li>
<ul>
<li><strong> </strong>Command-line utility for configuring and managing <i>DFS replication</i>.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>DFS Replication </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Replaces FRS as the replication engine for DFS. </li>
<li>Uses multimaster replication engine to keep folders synchronized across servers for limited-bandwidth network connections.</li>
<li>Replicates AD DS SYSVOL for domains using Windows Server 2008.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><b>DFS Manager </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Used to check DFS replication efficiency</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<b><i>Backup and Restore * Windows Server Backup feature</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Non-authoritative restore. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Default method for restoring Active Directory. </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Start the domain controller in <b>DSRM (Directory Services Restore Mode) </b>and restore to a state at the time of the backup and then normal replication overwrites that state with any changes after the backup.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Wbadmin </b>in Windows Server 2008 R2 </li>
<ul>
<li>Replaces <b>Ntbackup </b>for backing up from the command line.</li>
</ul>
<li>Windows Server 2008 R2 supports backing up directly to removable media, including DVD.</li>
<li><em><b>Scheduled</b> backups must go to a second local volume or a shared folder.</em></li>
<li>Windows creates a WindowsImageBackup folder in the root of the backup media. Inside that folder, it creates a folder with the current computer name. The backup is stored in \\WindowsImageBackup\FileServer\</li>
<li>Start the <b>Windows Recovery Environment:</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Boot from the <b>Windows Server 2008 R2 installation CD</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Choose <b>Repair Computer</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Once in the <b>Windows Recovery Environment, </b>use the <b>wbadmin</b> command to recover volumes.</li>
<ul>
<li>Use the <b>wbadmin start sys recovery </b>command to recover volumes<br />
Specify <b>-restoreallvolumes</b> to recover all volumes. Otherwise, only the operating system will be restored.</li>
<li><b><i>systemstaterecovery </i></b><i>option restores only system state. It does not recover the operating system files or data files.</i></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<b><i>Manage File Server Resources</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kLxQJstWNk0/T5Yqa1_Gm0I/AAAAAAAABDE/KbIE9wyJcNI/s1600/File+Server+Resources.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="144" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kLxQJstWNk0/T5Yqa1_Gm0I/AAAAAAAABDE/KbIE9wyJcNI/s200/File+Server+Resources.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Shadow copies</b> should be written to a volume on a different hard disk than the shared files.</li>
<ul>
<li>Maintain up to 64 copies of each shared file.</li>
<li><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Enabled at the <i>volume</i> level (enabled for all shared folders or none of the shared folders).</span></li>
<li><b>vssadmin create shadow</b> creates a shadow copy</li>
<li><b>vssadmin add shadowstorage </b>adds a volume shadow copy storage association</li>
</ul>
<li><b>File Service Resource Management (Quotas)</b></li>
<ul>
<li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Can apply quota templates or can apply quotas manually on individual folders</span></b></li>
<ul>
<li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">If you later change the settings in the template, the new quota will be reflected for all quotas created in the template</span></b></li>
</ul>
<li>Configure quotas by volume or folder (Windows Server 2008 R2)</li>
<li>Quota Usage report shows quotes that have reached the specified level</li>
</ul>
<li><b>NFS Network File System. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Services for NFS provides UNIX and Linux clients with access to resources on a file server running Windows Server 2008 R2.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<i><b>Print Services</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Printer Management </b></li>
<ul>
<li>A single interface administrators can use to administer multiple print servers and printers</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>A GUI utility not supported on Server Core Installs. Located in Administrative Tools.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><b>Add a printer </b>in Printer Management lets you search for network printers.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Print filter </b>can be used to manage a set of printers</li>
<ul>
<li>Send notification when a print condition occurs.</li>
<li>Run a script when a printer condition occurs.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Printbrm.exe</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Command-line utility used to <b>migrate printer settings</b> from one print server to another .</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Can <b>export printer settings </b>as a backup.</li>
<li>Cannot migrate directly from older operating systems to Windows Server 2008 R2.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Lpq Line Printer Queue </b></li>
<ul>
<li>View print jobs queued through the Line Printer Daemon (LPD). The LPD is a network protocol for submitting print jobs to a remote printer.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Publishing printer in Active Directory</b></li>
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Controlled by the </span>List in Active Directory</b> check box on the <b>Sharing</b> tab of the <b>Properties </b>sheet for each printer.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<b><br /></b> </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><b>Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) </b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>WSUSutil.exe </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Command-line management utility for WSUS.</li>
</ul>
<li>When you create a WSUS Website during WSUS install, the Website is configured to use <b>HTTP port 8530 for unencrypted communication.</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Open port 8530 to enable communication with the servers.</li>
<li><b>Port 443 is used for secure communication.</b></li>
</ul>
<li><strong>Upstream server </strong></li>
<ul>
<li>Server on which updates are approved.</li>
</ul>
<li><strong>Downstream server </strong></li>
<ul>
<li>Receives updates from the upstream server.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>WSUS </b>allows you to approve updates before they are made available to the WSUS clients</li>
<ul>
<li>You can create a group of computers and approve updates only for specific groups (WSUS 3.0)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JhF5QgoMghM/T5YrKe8vJuI/AAAAAAAABDM/Js0Cdc1lTGg/s1600/Peformance.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="112" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JhF5QgoMghM/T5YrKe8vJuI/AAAAAAAABDM/Js0Cdc1lTGg/s200/Peformance.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<b><i>Performance Monitoring</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Performance and Reliability Monitor</b></li>
<ul>
<li><b>Reliability Monitor (Windows Server 2008 R2)</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Computer required to have been running for at least 24 hours </li>
<li><strong>RACAgent, Reliability Analysis Component, </strong>a hidden scheduled task that must be running on the computer. It is automatically configured during system install. Responsible for gathering the reliability data and displaying in the chart view.</li>
<li><b>System Stability report </b>shows a graph of these events:</li>
<ul>
<li>System clock changes</li>
<li>Successful and failed software installs</li>
<li>Server failures due to hardware problems</li>
<li>Server failures due to operating system problems</li>
<li>Application failures</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>Reliability and Performance Monitor Resource View</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Provides detailed info about system resource use and how the resources are allocated</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Data collector set </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Can be created with the performance counters you want to log</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Choose the default creation settings to have the data collector set based on the currently selected performance counters.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<i><b>Event Logs</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Wevutil (Windows Event Logs) </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Command-line utility lets you view and manage <b>Windows Event Logs</b></li>
<li><strong>wevutil qe</strong></li>
<ul>
<li>The <strong>ge </strong>or <strong>query-event </strong>command is used to retrieve a list of events in the <strong>Windows Event Logs</strong></li>
</ul>
<li><strong>wevutil gl</strong></li>
<ul>
<li>The <strong>gl </strong>or <strong>qet-log </strong>command is used to retrieve info about the log, such as its location</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>Wecutil (Windows Event Collector) </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Command-line utility lets you view and manage info about <b>event subscriptions </b>like hardware events that are forwarded from a remote computer which support WS-Management protocol</li>
<li>You can use the wecutil utility to automatically configure a computer to collect events</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Audit events </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Written to the <b>Windows Security Event Log</b></li>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li><b>Windows Server 2008 R2 Active Directory audit policy (auditpol.exe) </b>supports:</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul><ul>
<li>Directory Service Access</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li>Directory Service Changes</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li>Directory Service Replication</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul><ul>
<li>Detailed Directory Service Replication</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<b><i>Gather Network Data</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4UkWcBgd9JE/T5YsQ2gvd4I/AAAAAAAABDU/axq220ux23c/s1600/gather+network+data.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="120" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4UkWcBgd9JE/T5YsQ2gvd4I/AAAAAAAABDU/axq220ux23c/s200/gather+network+data.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Task Manager </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Gives a quick overview of total network bandwidth usage.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Network Monitor </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Collect and save detailed network usage statistics like individual packets transmitted across the network <i>(note: log file would be huge)</i></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><i>Create an address database first to specify address pairs in a capture filter</i></li>
<li>Must be an Administrator or member of the netmon users group</li>
<li>Must be downloaded from the Microsoft website (free)</li>
<li>nmcap /? command line</li>
<li>Carefully choose the location to install Network Monitor</li>
<li>To capture all traffic switch on promiscuous mode (p-mode)</li>
<li>SNMP. Simple Network Management Protocol, is supported by Windows Server 2008</li>
<ul>
<li>SNMP is an Internet standard protocol for managing devices on an IP network</li>
<li>3rd party software required to analyze SNMP data</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>Netcap </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Network Monitor Capture command-line utility can capture network traffic using the <b>Network Monitor driver</b></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><b>Netcap </b>installs the <b>Network Monitor driver</b> and binds it to all adapters when you first run the Netcap command</li>
<li>Monitors traffic on a LAN and write the information to a log file</li>
<li>Can consume lots of system resources. Not recommended in a production environment, best to use netcap.exe command line version to monitor production.</li>
</ul>
<li><strong>Data Collector Set. </strong></li>
<ul>
<li><em>You can <b>create a data collector set </b>with the network performance counters you want to monitor, and schedule <b>Windows Reliability and Performance Monitor </b>to start automatically and log counter values at various times during the day.</em></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BrWOrWT7Ns8/T5Yi9VNLArI/AAAAAAAABB8/ixKdou7BwrE/s1600/Windows+Server+2008+R2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="136" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BrWOrWT7Ns8/T5Yi9VNLArI/AAAAAAAABB8/ixKdou7BwrE/s200/Windows+Server+2008+R2.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
<i><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb545442.aspx" target="_blank">Networking and Access Technologies</a></i></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/windows-server/default.aspx" target="_blank">Microsoft Server and Cloud Platform</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/bb310558" target="_blank">Windows Server 2008 R2</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/" target="_blank">Microsoft Support</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/B005OMWZ9I/ref=as_li_ss_til?tag=wind011-20&camp=213381&creative=390973&linkCode=as4&creativeASIN=B005OMWZ9I&adid=1MW26BB4FBSSJTDDVKWV&&ref-refURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcrepairnorthshore.com%2Fsearch%3Fupdated-max%3D2011-11-09T21%3A20%3A00-05%3A00%26max-results%3D15" target="_blank">The Precision Guide to Windows Server 2008 Active Directory Configuration: MCTS Exam 70-640 Study Guide [Kindle Edition] </a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa921042.aspx" target="_blank">IPv6 Addresses</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer_2_Tunneling_Protocol" target="_blank">Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/DNS_Stub_Zones.html" target="_blank">http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/DNS_Stub_Zones.html</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732713.aspx" target="_blank">Configure Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop Services Connections</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-29259990019803504192012-04-07T17:37:00.003-04:002013-01-02T20:38:56.996-05:00How to Secure Windows 7 Desktops<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Overview of Security Management</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Key Security Features in Windows 7</b></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/action-center" target="_blank"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Windows 7 Action Center</b></span></a></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Centralized reporting center for users to keep track of issues and messages about their local computer</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Categorized by severity to get action items and events </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span">Color</span><span class="Apple-style-span">-coding</span></span> for severity alerts</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="http://draft.blogger.com/"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><span id="goog_2131257225"></span>Encrypting File System (EFS)</b></span></a></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span id="goog_2131257226"></span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">About encrypting information while it’s at rest (theft of laptops)</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">A built-in encryption tool for Windows files</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/bitlocker" target="_blank">Windows BitLocker</a> and BitLocker To Go</b></span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Introduced with Windows Vista, protects data on a computer exposed to unauthorized physical access</li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Available in Enterprise and Ultimate editions of Windows 7</li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Locks the operating system and removable drives such as USB drives and portable hard drives</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Renders data inaccessible when drives are decommissioned or recycled</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd759117.aspx" target="_blank"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Windows AppLocker</b></span></a></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Restricts the types of applications you can run and install</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Allows administrators to specify the apps that are allowed</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc709691(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>User Account Control</b></span></a></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Checks for permissions when performing necessary daily tasks</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc748991(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Windows Firewall with Advanced Security</b></span></a></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Restricts unsolicited traffic coming and going</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Security rules to provide protection from malware </span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc507863.aspx" target="_blank"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Windows Defender</b></span></a></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Prevents and removes all forms of malware </span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"></span></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Action Center</b></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Action Center is a central location for viewing messages about your system </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Action Center is the starting point for diagnosing and solving issues with your system</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Action Center replaces <b>Windows Security Center</b> in Windows 7</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Action Center includes access to four essential security features</span></li>
<ul>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g0NlmYRFd4U/TxY_ALS8SYI/AAAAAAAAA50/-XSg5oMwHtA/s1600/dreamstime_xs_17447472.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g0NlmYRFd4U/TxY_ALS8SYI/AAAAAAAAA50/-XSg5oMwHtA/s200/dreamstime_xs_17447472.jpg" width="200" /></a>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="color: red; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Firewall</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="color: red; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Automatic updating</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="color: red; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Malware protection</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="color: red; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Other security settings</b></span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select items you want checked for user alerts</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Action Center notifies you with a message in the notification area of the taskbar</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;">Color-coded </span>to indicate the severity of the message</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Two categories of messages that require your attention are found in the new Action Center</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Normal</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Important</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal;"><b>Change Action Center Settings</b></span></h4>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Start/Control Panel</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Click <b>System and Security</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Click <b>Action Center</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Under <b>Virus protection (Important), </b>click the <b>Turn off messages about virus protection link</b></span></span></li>
</ol>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal;"><b>Change User Control Settings</b></span></h4>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">In the left pane of Action Center, click <b>Change User Account Control settings</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Change when to be notified about changes to your computer by using the sliding scale</span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;"></ol>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Securing a Client Using Local Security Policy</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>What is Group Policy?</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Group Policy allows IT admins to automate and manage multiple </b></span><b>users and computers using a centralized model. You can define the user's work environment once and rely on the system to enforce the defined policies.</b></div>
<div style="color: #7f7f7f; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Use Group Policy to:</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="color: #7f7f7f; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Apply standard configurations</b></span></li>
<li style="color: #7f7f7f; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Deploy software</b></span></li>
<li style="color: #7f7f7f; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Enforce security settings</b></span></li>
<li style="color: #7f7f7f; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Enforce a consistent desktop environment</b></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Local Group Policy is always in effect for local and domain users, and local computer settings.</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>How are Group Policy Objects Applied?</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Computer settings are applied at boot and at regular intervals, while user settings are applied at logon and at regular intervals. The default refresh interval is every 90 minutes.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Group Policy Processing Order:</span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Local</b> computer GPOs gets applied first</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Site</b>-level GPOs</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Domain</b> GPOs</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Organizational Unit (OU)</b> GPOs gets applied last</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">If you have multiple policies at one level, the last one applied has the highest precedence, though you can change this behavior as needed.</span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>How Mulitple Local Group Policies Work (MLGPO)</b></span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The local group policy contains the user and computer settings.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Administrator and non-administrator local group policy.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Specific user local group policy is applied last.<i> (Highest precedence, "Last Writer Wins" method)</i></span></li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Demo – Creating Multiple Local Group Policies</b></span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Start</b>/ Type <b>mmc</b> to bring up the mmc console</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>File/Add or Remove Snap-ins</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select <b>Group Policy Object Editor</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">In the <b>Select Group Policy Object</b> dialog box, click <b>Finish</b> (This is for the <b>Local Computer Policy</b>)</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select <b>Group Policy Object Editor</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>Browse</b> button</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click the <b>Users</b> tab</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Highlight <b>Administrators</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>OK</b> (This is for <b>Local Computer\Administrators</b>)</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select <b>Group Policy Object Editor</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>Browse</b> button</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click the <b>Users</b> tab</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Highlight <b>Non-Administrators</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>OK </b>(This is for Local Computer\Non-Administrators)</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>OK</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>File/Save</b> <b>As</b> an <b>MMC</b> to your desktop if you want or pin to your taskbar so it is available for reuse</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Demo - Create a Local Security Policy</b></span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on the <b>MMC</b> you saved above in your taskbar</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Highlight <b>Local Computer Policy</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Under <b>Windows Settings</b>, highlight <b>Security Settings</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on <b>Account Policies</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on <b>Account Lockout Policy</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Highlight <b>Account lockout threshold</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Double-click <b>Account lockout threshold</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click the drop-down box to the number <b>2</b> (this means you will be locked out after two invalid logon attempts)</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click <b>OK</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">A dialog box pops-up that has <b>Account lockout duration</b> and <b>Reset account lockout counter after</b> 30 minutes(these are suggested values)</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click <b>OK</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Start/All Programs/Accessories</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Right-click on <b>Command Prompt</b> and <b>Run as administrator</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>User Account Control</b> dialog box opens</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>Yes</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Command prompt displays/type <b>gpupdate /force</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>‘’User Policy update has completed successfully.’’ </b>message displays</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Close the command prompt</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Save the <b>MMC</b></span></li>
</ol>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><i>note: To configure local Group Policy on a standalone workstation running Windows 7, run <b>gpedit.msc</b> from the <b>Search </b>box with elevated privileges. </i></span></span><br />
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
</ol>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g1EI1sh9pXU/TxY8gcVxvbI/AAAAAAAAA5s/lgCdvj75_Mw/s1600/dreamstime_xs_7704802.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="120" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g1EI1sh9pXU/TxY8gcVxvbI/AAAAAAAAA5s/lgCdvj75_Mw/s200/dreamstime_xs_7704802.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>EFS and BitLocker</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>What is EFS?</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">EFS is built-into NTFS and designed to enable transparent file encryption and decryption by using advanced, standard cryptographic algorithms. </span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">If a user <i>moves or copies an encrypted file </i>to a non-NTFS file system, the file will <i>no longer be encrypted</i>. </span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Utilizes asymmetric and symmetric key encryption. </span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Symmetric</b> means the key you use to encrypt the data is the <i>same</i> one you use to decrypt. </span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Asymmetric </b>means the key used to encrypt the data and decrypt the data, has to be <i>different</i>. A <i>public </i>and <i>private key </i>is used to facilitate this process. The key can be self-generated or issued from an internal or third party CA (Certificate Authority) and designed to be protected by the user’s passwords. Using a CA allows the key to be managed centrally, including backups. </span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">If a CA is not available, users can generate a key pair and the keys have a lifespan of one hundred years. There is no centralized management for self-generated keys and users are responsible for managing their own keys. Users must manually backup self-generated EFS certificates and keys. </span>If the user forgets the password and has to have the key reset, they will not be able to get into their files any longer. </div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">However, if you set the key up through Active Directory, there is a <b>Recovery Agent</b> the administrators are usually a member of and can <i>decrypt</i> the files. </span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><i>EFS encryption occurs at the file-system level</i>. When a folder is marked for encryption, every file in the folder will be encrypted. </span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">EFS allows files to be shared with other valid EFS user certificates. You must first encrypt the file and save it before adding additional users. </span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">If a user attempts to open an encrypted file and does not have the key, they will received an "Access denied" error message. </span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
This type of encryption system is referred to as a <b>Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).</b><br />
<br />
If an encrypted file is saved to or opened from a folder on a remote server, the files do not remain encrypted during transport. The file is decrypted and traverses the network in plaintext. The file is encrypted locally if it is saved to a folder on the local drive and the folder is marked for encryption. EFS-encrypted files can remain encrypted while traversing the network if the files are saved to a Web folder using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebDAV" target="_blank">WebDAV</a>.<br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd;"><b><a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Back-up-Encrypting-File-System-EFS-certificate" target="_blank">Back up Encrypting File System (EFS) certificate</a></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd;"><b>New EFS Features in Windows 7</b></span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Support for Storing Private Keys on Smart Cards</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Encrypting File System Rekeying Wizard</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">New Group Policy Settings for EFS</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Encryption of the System Page File</span></b></li>
<li><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Per-User Encryption of Offline Files</span></b></li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #666666;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc749610(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Encrypting File System</a></b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Demo – Encrypting and Decrypting Files and Folders by Using EFS</b></span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on your <b>C:</b> drive</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Right-click and click <b>New Folder</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Name it <b>ENCRYPT</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click <b>ENCRYPT</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click <b>New Text Document</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Name the file <b>ProtectMe</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Double-click on the file and write something</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Save it</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Go back to the root <b>C:</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Right-click/<b>Properties</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click on <b>Advanced </b>in the General tab</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click <b>Encrypt contents to secure data</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click Apply</span></li>
<li style="color: #30849b; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Confirm Attribute Changes</b> dialog box appears asking “</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Do you want to apply this change to this folder only, or do you want to apply it to all subfolders and files as well?</span><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: 0px;">”</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>OK</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>OK</b> (The file name is </span><span style="color: #00b051; letter-spacing: 0px;">green</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> (encryption))</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>To decrypt</b></span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Go to the <b>ENCRYPT </b>folder on the <b>C:</b> drive</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Right-click <b>ENCRYPT</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Select <b>Properties</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click <b>Advanced</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Turn off the Encryption </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click <b>Apply</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click <b>OK</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>OK</b></span></li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>What is BitLocker?</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Introduced in Windows Vista. Available on the <b>Enterprise</b> and <b>Ultimate</b> editions of Windows 7.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yRVv0K-bKds/Tm1Wks-g6QI/AAAAAAAAAso/4uEKBv_l2X0/s1600/dreamstime_xs_4111562-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="85" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yRVv0K-bKds/Tm1Wks-g6QI/AAAAAAAAAso/4uEKBv_l2X0/s200/dreamstime_xs_4111562-1.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><i>BitLocker requires an unencrypted partition for boot requirements.</i></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Uses a set of system integrity verifiers. </span><b>TMP</b> compares a hash of the OS configuration with an earlier snapshot. If anyone changes anything about your encrypted information, the hash changes, and the system locks the drive and puts you into recovery mode. It keeps the operating system safe, as well as your data. BitLocker ensures the integrity of your data, even with the theft of your hard drive.</div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>BitLocker requires one of two hardware components in order to operate effectively:</b></span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Your computer must be running <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" target="_blank">TPM (Trusted Platform Module)</a>, version 1.2 or later. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">TPM is a microchip used to store cryptographic information like encryption keys. </span>The TPM specialized chip installed on the motherboard of many newer computers by the manufacturers, but is not always activated. </b>You might have to enable TPM by entering the BIOS setup, typically in the Advanced section. TPM works with BitLocker to help protect user data and ensure the computer has not been tampered with while offline. </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>You need to have a <b>removable USB memory device with the key to unlock it. </b>You can also employ an the option to use a pin code for multifactor authentication.</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><i>The BIOS has to support a boot up from the TPM or USB memory device.</i></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">You have to have enough hard drive space for BitLocker to create the partitions.</span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Drives are automatically prepared for use in Windows 7. No need to manually create separate partitions before you enable BitLocker. The system partition created by Windows 7 does not have a drive letter so that data cannot be written to it. </span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>BitLocker Modes</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">TPM mode</span></b></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">BitLocker will lock the normal boot process until the user enters the appropriate pin or inserts a USB drive containing the encryption key</span></span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Non-TPM mode</span></b></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Uses Group Policy to allow BitLocker to work without TPM</span></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The BitLocker startup key has to be on a USB drive or smart card </span></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Provides very limited authentication options</span></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="color: red; letter-spacing: 0px;">Provides encryption, but not the added security of locking keys with the TPM</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<b>Enable BitLocker without a TPM from Group Policy Settings for BitLocker</b></div>
<ul></ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";">
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Start</b>/ type: <b>gpedit.mc </b>in the <b>Search</b> field and press <b>Enter</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Accept the <b>UAC </b>prompt, if you receive one</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">In the Local Group Policy Editor, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Computer Configuration/Administrative Templates/Windows Components/BitLocker Drive Encryption/Operating System Drives</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Double-click <b>Require additional authentication at startup</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Enable this policy and select the <b>Allow BitLocker without a compatible TPM </b>option</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Click <b>OK</b></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Close the Local Group Policy Editor</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Click <b>Start/</b> type: <b>gpupdate /force </b>in the <b>Search </b>field and press <b>Enter </b>to force Group Policy to apply immediately</span></li>
</span></ol>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">After the above procedure, you can enable BitLocker:</span></span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><i>note: If your computer comes with a TPM, you can enable BitLocker directly without accessing Group Policy.</i></span></span></div>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Start/Control Panel/System and Security/BitLocker Drive Encryption. </b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">The <b>Help protect your files and folders by encrypting</b></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><b> your drives</b> dialog box displays. You can also access the utility by typing <b>bitlocker </b>into the <b>Start </b>menu <b>Search </b>field and selecting <b>BitLocker Drive Encryption </b>from the <b>Programs </b>list.</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Beside the drive you want to encrypt, click the <b>Turn On BitLocker </b>link. You can also right-click the desired drive in an Explorer window and choose <b>Turn On BitLocker</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">If you receive a UAC prompt, click <b>Yes</b> to proceed</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">The <b>BitLocker Drive Encryption </b>window displays, and after a few seconds, this window displays the <b>Set BitLocker startup preferences page.</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Select from these options;</span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Use BitLocker without additional keys </b>(Uses the TPM Only mode for validation, enabling the computer to startup without user interaction. If any hardware component has changed, BitLocker will lockup.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Require a PIN at every startup </b>(Uses the TPM and PIN option and requires the user to enter a PIN at startup)</span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">If you selected the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><b>Require a PIN at every startup</b>, enter the pin and confirm and click <b>Save.</b></span></li>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Require a Startup key at every startup </b>(Creates a startup key and writes it to a USB flash drive. If your computer does not have a TPM, this is the only option available)</span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">If you selected the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><b>Require a Startup key at every startup, </b>when prompted you will need to insert the USB drive and click <b>Save.</b></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>How do you want to store your recovery key? </b>page has three options:</span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Save the recovery key to a USB flash drive</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">A dialog box displays. <b>Insert the USB device, select it in the list, and click Save</b></span></span></li>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Save the recovery key to a file</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Print the recovery key</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Make sure you save the printed document in a secure location</span></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Are you ready to encrypt the drive? </b>dialog box displays. Make sure the <b>Run BitLocker system check </b>box is selected and click <b>Continue </b>to encrypt your partition.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Click <b>Restart now </b>to restart your computer and start the encryption. Windows 7 displays an icon in the notification area. You can use your computer while the encryption process is happening. Track the encryption progress by hovering your mouse over the icon. It will take an hour or longer and you are informed once the encryption is complete.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Click <b>Close</b></span></span></li>
</ol>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">You must now have the USB drive to start your computer or you can use the recovery mode and type the recovery password automatically created when enabling BitLocker. </span></span><br />
<ul>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">After you have encrypted your drive using BitLocker, BitLocker shows additional options for the drive:</span></span><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Turn Off BitLocker</b></span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Allows you to remove BitLocker protection</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Select </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><b>Turn Off BitLocker </b>and in the <b>BitLocker Drive Encryption </b>dialog box that appears, select <b>Decrypt Drive </b></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;">The process begins immediately and your volume is decrypted and encryption keys are discarded</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;">You can monitor the process in the notification area on an icon</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Suspend Protection</b></span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Allows you to disable BitLocker temporarily</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">After selecting this option, the option changes to <b>Resume Protection. </b>Click to reenable BitLocker.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Manage BitLocker</b></span></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Allows you to save or print the recovery key again or to duplicate the startup key</span></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
</ul>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Three methods to start BitLocker</b></span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>System and Settings</b> in Control Panel</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Right-click the volume to be encrypted in Windows</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Use the command-line tool <b>manage-bde.wsf</b></span></li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>BitLocker To Go</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Encrypt a drive by right-clicking a portable device and turning on BitLocker. </span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span>
Creates a virtual volume on the USB drive that is encrypted. The encryption key stored in the flash drive.</div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">When you do this, you have to choose some of the settings on how to unlock it:</span></div>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Recover password</span></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Smart card</span></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Auto unlock the device based on the information in Active Directory</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><b>Enable BitLocker To Go</b></span></div>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Start/Control Panel/System and Security/BitLocker Drive Encryption</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">The <b>Help protect your files and folders by encrypting your drives </b>dialog box displays</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Insert the USB drive and click <b>Turn On BitLocker </b>beside the drive icon</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">The <b>Choose how you want to unlock this drive </b>dialog box displays</span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Use a password to unlock the drive</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Type and confirm a strong password</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Use my smart card to unlock the drive</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Insert the smart card in your reader</span></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Click <b>Next</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">On the <b>Encrypt the Drive </b>page, select <b>Start Encrypting</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Do not disconnect your drive until encryption is completed</span></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R8LvLma7PPY/Tm1dbZ12gqI/AAAAAAAAAs8/Hmi68ePxK1k/s1600/dreamstime_xs_7495708.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R8LvLma7PPY/Tm1dbZ12gqI/AAAAAAAAAs8/Hmi68ePxK1k/s200/dreamstime_xs_7495708.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><b>BitLocker Policies</b></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Group Policy settings to help you manage BitLocker:</span></span></div>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-weight: normal;"><b>Computer Configuration/Administrative Templates/Windows Components/BitLocker Drive Encryption</b></span></b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><b>Fixed Data Drives</b><b style="font-weight: normal;"> </b>(internal hard drive partitions containing data but not operating system files)</span></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><b>Configure use of smart cards on fixed data drives</b></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><b>Deny write access to fixed drives not protected by BitLocker</b></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><b>Allow access to BitLocker-protected fixed data drives from earlier versions of Windows</b></span></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Specifies if drives formatted with FAT or FAT32 file systems can be unlocked and viewed on earlier Windows computers (back to Windows XP SP2).</span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Configure use of passwords for fixed data drives</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Choose how BitLocker-protected fixed drives can be recovered</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Similar to the operating system drive policy</span></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-weight: normal;"><b>Operating System Drives</b></span></b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-weight: normal;"><b>Require additional authentication at startup</b></span></b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Enables use of BitLocker on a computer without TPM</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Specify whether BitLocker requires additional authentication, a startup key and/or PIN</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Require additional authentication at startup (Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista)</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Similar settings except both a startup key and PIN cannot be used</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Allow enhanced PINs for startup</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Allows the use of a PIN containing additional characters, upper and lowercase letters, symbols, numerals, and spaces</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Configure minimum PIN length for startup</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">4 to 20 digits</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Choose how BitLocker-protected operating system drives can be recovered</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Enables the use of a data recovery agent</span></span></li>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Configure TPM platform validation profile</b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Specify how the TPM security hardware secures BitLocker encryption key</span></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-weight: normal;"><b>Removable Data Drives</b></span></b></span></span></li>
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><i>Same policies as fixed drives</i></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd875532(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Best Practices for BitLocker in Windows 7</a></b></span></span><br />
<ul>
</ul>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Recovering BitLocker Encrypted Drives</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">If BitLocker detects a security risk, BitLocker enters recovery mode and keeps the system drive locked. </span>The user must enter the correct Recovery Password to continue. The Recovery password can be stored in Active Directory and is a 48-digit password divided into eight groups you have to enter in recovery mode. During recovery, use the function keys to type the password into the BitLocker recovery console.</span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>App Restrictions</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>AppLocker</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Designed to protect our systems from running unwanted applications and allows IT professionals to specify what is allowed to run on our desktops. AppLocker does not prevent you from installing the application. That is UAC. AppLocker provides the ability to create rules to control how users can run an application and prevents unlicensed code from running.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">AppLocker applies to standard users. AppLocker rules do not apply to administrators.</span></div>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Provides the ability to control how users run all types of applications, including executables, scripts, Windows Installer files, and DLL files</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Offers new application lockdown policies </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Includes support for legacy Software Restriction Policy (SRP) rules</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Does not support backward compatibility for the new AppLocker rules on Windows XP and Windows Vista</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>AppLocker Rules</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Default rules</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Without default rules, critical system files might not run</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Once rules are created, only apps affected by the rules are allowed to run</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Custom rules</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">You can manually create a rule for a given executable</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">You can automatically generate rules for a specific folder of executables</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Demo – Configure AppLocker</b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Type: <b>Start/gpedit.msc</b> to bring up <b>Local Group Policy Editor</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Under <b>Computer Configuration</b>, expand <b>Windows Settings</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Expand <b>Security Settings</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Expand <b>Application Control Policies</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Double-Click on <b>AppLocker</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click on <b>Executable Rules</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Right-click and select <b>Create New Rule.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click<b> Next</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>When the <b>Permissions </b>dialog box displays, click on <b>Deny, </b>then click <b>Select</b>.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>In the <b>Select User or Group </b>dialog box, in the <b>Enter the object names to select </b>box, type: <b>Contoso\Tech (example), </b>click <b>Check Names</b>, and click <b>OK.</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Click <b>Next</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">On the <b>Conditions </b>screen, select <b>Path</b>, then click <b>Next</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Click <b>Browse Files..., </b>then click <b>Computer.</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Double-click <b>Local Disk (C:).</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Double-click <b>Program Files</b>.</li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Browse for <b>Windows Media Player </b>and click <b>Open</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Choose<b> wmplayer.exe </b>and click <b>Next</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Click <b>Next</b></span></b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Click <b>Next. </b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Click <b>Create. </b>Click <b>Yes </b>if prompted to create default rules.</li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">In the <b>Local Group Policy Editor, </b>expand <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><b>Computer Configuration</b>, expand <b>Windows Settings, </b>expand </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><b>Security Settings.</b></span></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Expand <b>Application Control Policies</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Click on <b>AppLocker,</b> then select<b> Properties </b>and right-click</li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">O the <b>Enforcement </b>tab, under <b>Executable rules, </b>click the <b>Configured </b>checkbox and select <b>Enforce rules</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Click <b>OK</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Click <b>Start/ Search</b>/type: <b>cmd</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Press <b>Enter</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">In the <b>Command prompt </b>window, type <b>gpupdate /force</b> and press <b>Enter. </b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Click <b>Start</b>, right-click <b>Computer</b> and click <b>Manage</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Expand <b>Services and Applications</b>, and select <b>Services</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Right-click <b>Application Identity </b>service in the main window, and click <b>Properties</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Set the <b>Startup type to Automatic</b>, and click<b> Start</b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Click <b>OK</b> when the service starts</li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Log off</li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-x1Xn9RAGCK8/Tm1fh6WAqCI/AAAAAAAAAtA/78bg4R1_heM/s1600/dreamstime_xs_17916862.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-x1Xn9RAGCK8/Tm1fh6WAqCI/AAAAAAAAAtA/78bg4R1_heM/s200/dreamstime_xs_17916862.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Software Restriction Policies (SRP)</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Designed to help control unknown code – malicious or not</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">AppLocker in Windows 7 replaces SRP </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Windows 7 does include SRP Snap-in for backwards compatibility</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Any GPO configuring AppLocker will override a GPO configuring SRP</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">APPLocker is much more granular than SRPs.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">AppLocker allows you enforce the rules and audit them.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">AppLocker has a GUI.</span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Configure UAC</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<div style="color: #4f82bd;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>What is UAC?</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Taken from <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/hh290819" target="_blank">Windows Sysinternals Administrator's Reference</a>, </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Windows Vista and UAC changed everything when it came to running programs with administrative rights. Running as a standard user is now the default state for user's programs, even when run by a member of the Administrators group.</span></blockquote>
UAC provides a way for a user to perform administrative tasks without switching users. Standard users are described as accounts "running with least privilege", which makes the session more secure. UAC enables all users to run as standard users and when a task requires administrative credentials, such as for system modifications like when a program is installed, UAC prompts for permission.<br />
<br />
Prior to Vista, users frustrated with having to log off and log back on as a Administrator in order to do a log of common tasks, just logged on as an Administrator on a regular basis. Staying logged on as an Administrator leaves the system wide open for malware attacks, not to mention accidental changes to the system that could cause computer problems. <br />
However, Vista's UAC prompting proved to be extremely annoying and many people disabled UAC, all together.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">When UAC is disabled, Windows reverts to a mode similar to that of Windows XP. In that case, the LSA does not create filtered tokens, and programs run by members of the Administrators group always run with administrative rights. Further, elevation prompts do not display, but Runas.exe can be used to start a program with administrative rights. Note that disabling UAC also disables Internet Explorer's Protected Mode, so Internet Explorer runs with the full rights of the logged-on user. Disabling UAC also turns off its file and registry virtualization, a feature that enables many a applications that required administrative rights on Windows XP to work with standard user rights.</span></blockquote>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KTXP267vCCk/TOUui-ARcqI/AAAAAAAAANM/OTR3MoFvCBo/s1600/Elevation+Prompt+msg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="157" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KTXP267vCCk/TOUui-ARcqI/AAAAAAAAANM/OTR3MoFvCBo/s320/Elevation+Prompt+msg.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
Windows 7 includes changes to UAC that include less prompting for administrative credentials because UAC redefines what a standard user is permitted to do. Windows 7 lets you adjust how often UAC notifies you when changes are made to your computer.<br />
<br />
Windows 7 issues two access tokens when authenticating a member of the Administrator's group:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Full administrator token</b>: used only then administrative privileges are required.</li>
<li><b>Standard user token</b>: Used for all actions not requiring administrative privileges.</li>
</ol>
Windows 7 marks tasks as belonging to one of two integrity levels:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Low integrity</b>: A tasks or application that is less likely to compromise the operating system (such as a web browser, email, or word processing programs).</li>
<li><b>High integrity</b>: A tasks that has a higher potential for compromising the system.</li>
</ol>
Windows 7 uses a shield icon to alert you when a task requires administrative privileges. When UAC us enabled, even administrators run with a standard token. When a prompt appears asking for administrative credentials and the credentials are given, then the process can use the administrator's full access token.<br />
<br />
<b>Default UAC settings </b>allow a standard user to do the following tasks without receiving a UAC prompt:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Install Windows Updates</li>
<li>Install drivers from Windows Update or drivers included with the operating system</li>
<li>View Windows settings (A standard user will be prompted for elevated privileges if changing Windows settings)</li>
<li>Pair Bluetooth devices with the computer</li>
<li>Reset network adapter and other network diagnostic and repair tasks</li>
</ul>
<b>Administrative Users </b>automatically have:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Read/Write/Execute permissions to all resources</li>
<li>All Windows privileges</li>
</ul>
Microsoft recommends that most of the time you log on to the computer with a standard user account. With a standard user account, you can browse the Internet, send email, and use a word processor, all without an administrator account. When you want to perform an administrative tasks, such as installing a program or changing a setting that affects other users, Windows will prompt you for administrative permissions. Microsoft also recommends you create standard user accounts for all users of your computer.</div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Demo – Configuring Group Policy</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Group Policy settings are applied in this order:</span></div>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Local</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Local group policy is applied at boot, and again at regular intervals should there be any updates to the policy. You can enforce updates to group policy at any time with the gpupdate /enforce option</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Site</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Domain</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; letter-spacing: 0px;">OU</span></li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><b>Demo – Create a UAC Group Policy Setting to Prevent Access Elevation</b></span></div>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><b>Start/ </b>type: <b>gpedit.msc </b>in the <b>Search </b>field and press <b>Enter</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Navigate to <b>Computer Configuration/Windows Settings/Security Settings/Local Policies/Security Options</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Scroll to find <b>User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for standard users </b>and double-click.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">In the dialog box, click <b>Automatically deny elevation request</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Click <b>OK</b></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">Close <b>Local Group Policy Editor</b></span></span></li>
</ol>
<ul>
</ul>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<div style="color: #4f82bd;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Demo Configuring Notification Settings</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
In Windows 7, you can customize the elevation prompt experience. These four settings can be maintained through the Action Center.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #d3d5ff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 5px; width: 151.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Prompt</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #d6dbff; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 5px; width: 151.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Description</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 5px; width: 151.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Never notify</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 14px; padding: 5px; width: 151.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">UAC is off</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 70px; padding: 5px; width: 151.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Notify me only when programs try to make changes to my computer (do not dim my desktop)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 70px; padding: 5px; width: 151.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">When a program makes a change, a prompt appears, but the desktop is not dimmed. Otherwise, the user is not prompted.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 98px; padding: 5px; width: 151.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">(Default) Notify me only when programs try to make changes to my computer</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 98px; padding: 5px; width: 151.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">When a program makes a change, a prompt appears, and the desktop is dimmed to provide a visual cue that installation is being attempted. Otherwise, the user is not prompted.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 42px; padding: 5px; width: 151.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Always notify me</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 42px; padding: 5px; width: 151.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The user is always prompted when changes are made to the computer.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Configure Windows Firewall</b></span></div>
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<div style="color: #4f82bd;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>What is a Firewall?</b></span></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d0e0e3; border-collapse: collapse; color: #333333; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Lucida Grande", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Windows Firewall is a built-in, host-based, stateful firewall that is included in Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows XP with Service Pack 2 and later, and Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 and later. Windows Firewall drops incoming traffic that does not correspond to either traffic sent in response to a request of the computer (solicited traffic) or unsolicited traffic that has been specified as allowed (excepted traffic). Windows Firewall helps provide protection from malicious users and programs that rely on unsolicited incoming traffic to attack computers. In Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, Windows Firewall can also drop outgoing traffic and is configured using the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security snap-in, which integrates rules for both firewall behavior and traffic protection with Internet Protocol security (IPsec).</span></blockquote>
There are two main types of firewalls:<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Network firewalls</b> are located on the network's perimeter.</li>
<ul>
<li>Either hardware-based, software-based, or a combination of the two that provide services, including the following:</li>
</ul>
<ol><ul>
<li><b>Management and control of network traffic</b> by performing dynamic packet filtering (stateful inspection), connection monitoring, and application-level filtering</li>
</ul>
</ol>
<ul><ul>
<li><b>Stateful connection analysis</b> by inspecting the state of all communications between hosts and storing connection data in state tables.</li>
<li><b>Virtual private network (VPN) gateway functionality </b>by providing IPSec authentication and encryption with Network Address Translation-Traversal (NAT-T) that allows the permitted IPSec traffic to traverse the firewall with public to private IPv4 address translation.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><b>Host-based firewalls</b> are located on individual hosts within the network.</li>
<ul>
<li>In addition to network-based firewalls, host-based firewalls running on the individual computers are needed to provide additional security because network-based firewalls are not enough to provide the protection needed inside the network. Windows Firewall with Advanced Security provides an extra layer of security in your network.</li>
</ul>
</ol>
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb545423" target="_blank">Windows Firewall</a> </div>
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<div style="color: #4f82bd;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Configuring Basic Firewall Settings</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<b>Windows 7 </b>basic firewall settings are centralized in Control Panel in the <b>Network and Sharing Center </b>and <b>System and Security. </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
The first time a user connects to a network, the user must select a network location. Selecting a network location, automatically sets the appropriate firewall and security settings for that particular network type to ensure the computer is always set to an appropriate security level. The three network locations are:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Home or work (private) networks. </b>Networks at home or work, trusted networks. Network Discovery is turned on. </li>
<li><b>Domain networks. </b>Networks at work that are attached to a domain. Automatically used for a network that has communication with a domain controller. Network Discovery is on by default.</li>
<li><b>Public networks</b>. Networks in public places. This location keeps the computer from being visible in public places. Network Discovery is turned off.</li>
</ol>
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4f82bd; font-weight: normal;"><b>Firewall Exceptions</b></span></b><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: "segoe ui", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d0e0e3;">When you add a program to the list of allowed programs in a firewall, or when you open a firewall port, you allow a particular program to send information to or from your computer through the firewall. Allowing a program to communicate through a firewall (sometimes called <span class="newTerm" style="font-style: italic; position: static; z-index: 0;">unblocking</span>) is like punching a hole in the firewall.<br />Each time you open a port or allow a program to communicate through a firewall, your computer becomes a bit less secure. The more allowed programs or open ports your firewall has, the more opportunities there are for hackers or malicious software to use one of those openings to spread a worm, access your files, or use your computer to spread malicious software to others.<br />It's generally safer to add a program to the list of allowed programs than to open a port. If you open a port, it stays open until you close it, whether or not a program is using it. If you add a program to the list of allowed programs, the "hole" is open only when needed for a particular communication.</span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/What-are-the-risks-of-allowing-programs-through-a-firewall" target="_blank">What are the risks of allowing programs through a firewall?</a></b></div>
</div>
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<div style="color: #4f82bd;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Windows Firewall with Advanced Security</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
Windows Firewall with Advanced Security is an example of a network-aware application. You are able to create a profile for each network location type. Each profile can contain its own specific firewall policies. </div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The <b>Properties</b> page is used to configure firewall properties for:</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Domain</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Private network profiles</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Public network profiles</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>IPSec settings</b></span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Inbound rules </b></span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><i>Allow or block traffic</i> that matches criteria in the rules</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">When Windows is first installed, all unsolicited inbound traffic is blocked. To allow a certain type of unsolicited inbound traffic, you must create an inbound rule to describe the traffic. </span></li>
</ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><b>Outbound rules</b> </span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Allow or deny traffic originating from the computer that matches the criteria in the rule going out</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Windows Firewall allows all outbound traffic unless a rule blocks it. </span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Connection security rules</b></span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Secure traffic by using <b>IPSec </b>while it crosses the network</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Connect rules will often become a <b><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/942957" target="_blank">ByPass rule</a></b>. IPSec is most often a ByPass rule. This means it is evaluated and used instead of any inbound or outbound rules. </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Use Connection Security rules to specify that connections between two computers must be authenticated or encrypted. These rules specify how and when authentication occurs, but <i>they do not allow connections.</i></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><i>Connection security rule types:</i></span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Isolation rules</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Authentication exemption rules</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Server-to-server rules</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Tunnel rules</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Custom rules</b></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The <b>monitoring interface</b> displays info about:</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Firewall rules</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Connection security rules</b></span> </li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>SAs (Security Associations)</b></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px 36px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Note: You can have more that one profile active at a time.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px 36px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Traditional firewalls look at layer 3 and 4. They look at source address, destination address, protocol number, protocol ports if needed. Some look at TCP sequence numbers and acknowledgement numbers and flag settings and might do a little more granular work. Some times you have a remote desktop connection, and you have an incoming connection and your machine starts what looks like a new outbound session to give them that remote desktop. To a firewall that looks like a separate type of event because it is using different ports, and such. It is tough to configure.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px 36px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Now we can make our rules based on programs and that makes it easy when you don’t know all of the TCP, UDP, or port based settings. You can also deal with server or domain isolation to determine if you are communicating with someone on the inside or the outside of your network. You can deal with certificate authentication, a computer can come in as long as they can identify who they are.</span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Well-Known Ports Used by Applications</b></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Ports are assigned numbers by IANA</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The numbers are between 0 and 65,535</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Well-know ports range from 0 – 1023</b></span></li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"></span><br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Your source port is only important so that when you reply to me, I know which communication I sent out that you are replying to. If I go to multiple web pages, I will have multiple source ports. As I get all these replies coming in, the source port I sent to you becomes the destination port of the reply coming back. </span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;">
</span>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;">
</span>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">When an application wants to start communication with an application on a remote host, it creates a TCP or UDP socket. The TCP or UDP socket is a combination of transport protocol, IP address, and a port. </span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;">
</span>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; letter-spacing: 0px;">Ports are used in TCP or UDP communications to name the ends of logical connections that transfer data.</span></span></blockquote>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;">
</span>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;">
</span>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/course.aspx?id=6292a" target="_blank">Installing and Configuring Windows 7 Client</a></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;">
</span>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;"><br /></span></blockquote>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande"; font-size: 11px;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">
</span></span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #74b0c2; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 39.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>PORT</b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #74b0c2; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 53.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Protocol</b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #74b0c2; border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 254.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Application</b></span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 39.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">80</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 53.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">TCP</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 254.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">HTTP used by a Web Server</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 39.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">443</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 53.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">TCP</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 254.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">HTTPS for secured Web Server</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 42px; padding: 5px; width: 39.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">110</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 42px; padding: 5px; width: 53.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">TCP</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 42px; padding: 5px; width: 254.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Post Office Protocol version 4 (POP3) used for email retrieval from email clients</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 5px; width: 39.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">25</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 5px; width: 53.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">TCP</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 28px; padding: 5px; width: 254.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) that email servers and clients use to send email</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 39.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">53</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 53.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">UDP</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 254.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Domain Name System (DNS)</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 39.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">53</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 53.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">TCP</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 254.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">DBS</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 39.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">21</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 53.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">TCP</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 15.6px; padding: 5px; width: 254.7px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">File Transfer Protocol (FTP</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;">
</span></span>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Demo – Configuring Inbound, Outbound, and Connection Security Rules</b></span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal; text-align: left;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Start/Control Panel/System and Security/Windows Firewall/Advanced Settings</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on <b>Inbound Rules</b> (you have inbound rules depending what type of network you set up:</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">public</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">private</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">domain</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Go to the right panel and click on <b>New Rule</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">What type of rule would you like to create?</span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Program</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Port</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Predefined (this is already set up my Microsoft – we will choose <b>Remote Scheduled Tasks Management (RPC)</b>)</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Custom</span></li>
</ol>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click on <b>Next</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">You will see some rules displayed. We will choose all of them. </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on <b>Next</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select <b>Block the connection</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>Finish</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>Outbound Rules </b>in the left pane</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Go to the right panel and click on <b>New Rule</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on <b>Port</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click on <b>Next</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Does this rule apply to <b>TCP</b> or <b>UDP</b>?</span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>TCP</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>UDP</b></span></li>
</ol>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Choose <b>TCP</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Under <b>Does this rule apply to all remote ports or specific remote ports</b>?, </span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>All remote ports</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Specific remote ports:</span></li>
</ol>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Enter <b>80</b> in the text box beside <b>Specific remote ports:</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on <b>Next</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Block the connection </b>is selected</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on <b>Next</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>When does this rule apply?</span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Domain</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Private</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Public</span></li>
</ol>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on <b>Next</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Specify the name and description of this rule. Enter <b>Block the Internet </b>into the <b>Name: </b>text box</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on <b>Finish</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Go to your <b>Start </b>button and enter <a href="http://www.bing.com/"><span style="color: #1101ff; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><b>http://www.bing.com</b></span></a></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>You will see the web page is now blocked</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>You can now right-click the rule in <b>Windows Firewall with Advanced Security</b> to <b>delete </b>the rule</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YlAbAMspz2U/Tpjo2W7HKMI/AAAAAAAAAzU/4jbobNxZTdA/s1600/dreamstime_xs_19818899.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YlAbAMspz2U/Tpjo2W7HKMI/AAAAAAAAAzU/4jbobNxZTdA/s200/dreamstime_xs_19818899.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Configure Security in IE 8</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Compatibility Features in Internet Explorer 8</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Allows you to click on the compatibility button to make sure you can see a web page in the browser version it was designed for.</span><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Web sites display in <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd638355(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">IE8 Standards Mode</a> by default. </li>
<ul>
<li>The <a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/08/27/introducing-compatibility-view.aspx" target="_blank">Compatibility View button</a> can be used to fix sites that render differently than you expect.</li>
</ul>
<li>IE8 remembers the websites that have been rendered in Compatibility View.</li>
<ul>
<li>The button needs only to be pressed once for a particular site, unless it is removed from the list.</li>
</ul>
<li>IE8 ships with a list of sites that are known by Microsoft to require Compatibility View.</li>
<ul>
<li> The list is updated through Windows Update or Automatic Updates on a regular basis.</li>
</ul>
<li>Internal websites created for IE7 will work.</li>
<ul>
<li> Intranet websites display in IE7 Standards mode by default.</li>
</ul>
<li><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc985351.aspx" target="_blank">Group Policy can be used to set a list of websites that should be rendered in Compatibility View.</a></li>
<li>You can switch in and out of Compatibility View without requiring a restart of the browser.</li>
<li>There is a new entry on the <a href="http://www.sevenforums.com/tutorials/1196-internet-explorer-compatibility-view-turn-off.html" target="_blank"><b>Tools</b> menu that allows for advanced configuration of the Compatibility View.</a></li>
<li>The <b><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd562082(v=vs.85).aspx" target="_blank">Application Compatibility View Toolkit (ACT) </a></b>helps IT professionals to resolve compatibility problems with IE8 and internal applications. </li>
<ul>
<li>The <b>Internet Explorer Compatibility Evaluator</b> within ACT helps IT professionals determine potential compatibility problems with websites.</li>
<li>When ACT runs, a log is created showing compatibility issues along with an error message and a link to a white paper describing mitigation and fixes.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Enhanced Privacy Features in Internet Explorer 8</b></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">InPrivate browsing </span></b></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">While you are browsing the Internet, there will be no logs, no cookies stored, no temporary files. All of the tracking will be gone when you are done to help protect data and privacy.</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">InPrivate filtering</span></b></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Monitor the frequency of third-party content as it appears across your websites</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">An alert or frequency level can be configured (initially set to three) and third-party content is blocked when the frequency level is reached.</li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">One web page could have 15 sessions all by itself because of linking to third-party sites</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Enhance delete browing history</span></b></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">You can selectively delete your browsing history</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Group Policy or the <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/ie/cc889351" target="_blank">Internet Explorer Administration Kit has Delete Browsing History</a> options that can be configured by Administrators. <i>note: Favorites can also be configured automatically.</i> </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>SmartScreen Feature in Internet Explorer 8</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The <b><a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/SmartScreen-Filter-frequently-asked-questions-IE9" target="_blank">SmartScreen Filter</a></b> in IE8 builds on the Phishing Filter technology introduced in IE7</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">The SmartScreen Filter relies on a Web service backed by a Microsoft-hosted URL reputation database. Microsoft keeps track of sites with malicious content.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">If the Web site is known to be unsafe, it is blocked and the user is notified</span></li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><span id="goog_1387235285"></span><span id="goog_1387235286"></span></span></span><br />
<ul>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/930168" target="_blank">How to turn the Internet Explorer Phishing Filter or the SmartScreen Filter on or off </a></span></span><br />
<ul>
</ul>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-V82f2RMUG2k/TOQY5KVy8DI/AAAAAAAAANE/Cgwe9hiXFxc/s1600/ie7-zone-mode.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="53" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-V82f2RMUG2k/TOQY5KVy8DI/AAAAAAAAANE/Cgwe9hiXFxc/s320/ie7-zone-mode.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Other Security Features in IE8</b></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Per-user ActiveX</b></span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Standard users can install <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/security/resources/activex-whatis.aspx" target="_blank">ActiveX </a>controls that are sometimes needed while browsing without requiring admin privileges </span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Use Group Policy to preset allowed controls and related domains</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>XSS Filter</b></span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">IE contains a filter that helps to protect against XSS attacks. </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Identifies and neutralizes a <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd565647(v=vs.85).aspx" target="_blank"><b>cross-site scripting (XXS)</b> </a>attack if it is replayed in the server’s response. XXS installs malicious code on your website.</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>DEP/NX protection</b></span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Prevents code from running in memory that is marked non-executable (NX)</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Makes it harder for attackers to exploit buffer overruns</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Applies to Internet Explorer and the add-ons it loads</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Enabled by default in IE8</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EaNkZ1vkXDY/TOQYYFG7mJI/AAAAAAAAANA/xw2j5Dhm3do/s1600/ie7-protected-mode.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EaNkZ1vkXDY/TOQYYFG7mJI/AAAAAAAAANA/xw2j5Dhm3do/s320/ie7-protected-mode.png" width="259" /></a></div>
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Demo – Configuring Security in Internet Explorer 8</b></span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Open <b>Internet Explorer</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select <b>Tools </b>in the <b>Menu Bar</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select <b>Compatibility View Settings</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Add websites you have problem viewing that maybe were designed for earlier versions on the browser</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select <b>Internet Options</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select <b>Browsing history</b> and click <b>Delete</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">On the <b>Delete Browsing History</b> dialog box is:</span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Preserve Favorites website data</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Temporary Internet files</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Cookies</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">History</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Form data</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Passwords</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">InPrivate Filtering data</span></li>
</ol>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select <b>Delete </b>to delete the browing history</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select the <b>Security </b>tab</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">You have the ability to change the default settings for the different types of zones, but it is probably better to leave them the way they are set. Medium-high is the best choice.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>OK</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on<b> Tools</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Select <b>InPrivate Browsing</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">It gives you a tutorial on <b>InPrivate Browsing</b>. You will see I<b>nPrivate </b>in the URL bar. You won’t see the history. This is good for working in a public place.</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Configure Windows Defender</b></span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>What is Malicious Software?</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Malicious software is software designed to deliberately cause harm to a computer.</span></div>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Types:</b></span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Viruses</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Worms</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Spyware</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Adware</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Trojan horses</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Symbol; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>What Malicious Software can do:</b></span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Poor performance</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Loss of data</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Compromise of private info</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Reduction in end user efficiency</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Courier New"; letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Unapproved computer configuration changes</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>What is Windows Defender?</b></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Je_gpF4nczk/TEea1P-IyvI/AAAAAAAAAF0/gbzpxb1K45U/s1600/computer-virus.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Je_gpF4nczk/TEea1P-IyvI/AAAAAAAAAF0/gbzpxb1K45U/s200/computer-virus.png" width="200" /></a><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">A software program designed to help detect and remove known spyware and malware.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Windows Defender</b> needs to have updates to recognize new malware and update its signatures.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Windows Defender does not slow your system like other third-party solutions. You can configure it to your liking. For example, it doesn’t have to scan all web pages before presenting it to you. Or, scan all email before it shows up in your inbox. You have the flexibility to alter they way you are monitored. You have the ability to do real-time protection and look at files you are downloading and running.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Note: Even though your malware detection software might be behind by a few hours or days, if you are also using <b>APPLocker, Windows Firewall, User Access Control (UAC</b>), this gives you the recommended in-depth security that is recommended.</span></div>
<div style="color: #4f82bd; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<b>Demo – Configure Windows Defender</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Start</b>/Type: <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/windows-defender" target="_blank"><b>Windows Defender</b> </a>in the <b>Search </b>bar</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Click on <b>Tools</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click on <b>Options</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Under <b>Frequency:</b>, click on Monday 5:00 AM</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Under Type:</b>, select <b>Quick Scan</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Check the <b>Check for updated definitions before scanning text box</b> <b>and Run a scan only when system is idle</b> text box</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>In the left panel, click on <b>Default actions</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Under <b>Severe alert items:</b>, select <b>Remove</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Under <b>High alert items:</b>, select <b>Remove</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Under <b>Medium alert items:</b>, select <b>Quarantine</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>Under <b>Low alert items:</b>, select <b>Recommended action based on definitions </b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">In the left panel, click on <b>Real-time protection</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Leave the following boxes checked:</span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Use real-time protection (recommended)</b></span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Scan downloaded files and attachments</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Scan programs that run on my computer</b></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">In the left panel, click <b>on Excluded files and folders</b>, click <b>Add</b> to exclude particular files you do not want scanned</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">In the left panel, click on <b>Exclude file types</b>, , click <b>Add</b> to exclude particular files types you do not want scanned</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>In the left panel, click on <b>Advanced</b></span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Scan archive files</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Scan e-mail</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Scan removable drives</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Use heuristics</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Create restore point</span></li>
</ol>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b></b>In the left panel, click on <b>Administrator</b></span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Use this program</b></span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">When the setting is on, this program will alert all users if spyware or other potentially unwanted software attempts to run or install itself on this computer.</span></li>
</ol>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Display</b> <b>items from all users of this computer</b></span></li>
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">When the setting is on, this program will allow you to see the <b>History, Allowed items</b>, and <b>Quarantined items</b> from all users. Items are hidden by default to protect user privacy.</span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Lucida Grande"; margin: 0px 0px 24px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Click <b>Save</b></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X56Bcke9BNc/T4CyU_xIPAI/AAAAAAAAA_0/ab6UfiD3jJE/s1600/IMG_0712.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X56Bcke9BNc/T4CyU_xIPAI/AAAAAAAAA_0/ab6UfiD3jJE/s200/IMG_0712.JPG" width="158" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">London</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-60533591783108362392012-03-10T10:25:00.001-05:002013-02-12T14:09:06.511-05:00Understanding forwarders<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;"><b><i>Scenario:</i></b></span> Your network is a multiple-domain <strong>Active Directory</strong> with two
forests, each containing multiple child domains. Full trust is configured among
the domains.</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: "Segoe UI", Verdana, Arial; font-size: 13px;">When a trust exists between two domains, the authentication mechanisms for each domain trust the authentications coming from the other domain. Trusts help provide for controlled access to shared resources in a resource domain (the trusting domain) by verifying that incoming authentication requests come from a trusted authority (the trusted domain). In this way, trusts act as bridges that allow only validated authentication requests to travel between domains.</span></blockquote>
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc757352(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">What Are Domain and Forest Trusts? </a><br />
<br />
The network includes several branch offices with computers in the branch offices running <strong>Windows 7 </strong>or <strong>Windows
Server 2008 R2 </strong>over low-bandwidth links.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IwbpxZZaAIc/URqTIEyn_aI/AAAAAAAABfs/MfowLaBDbuI/s1600/5910411419.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IwbpxZZaAIc/URqTIEyn_aI/AAAAAAAABfs/MfowLaBDbuI/s320/5910411419.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Each branch office has a <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol" target="_blank">Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)</a></strong> server. Each branch office has at least
one domain controller configured as a <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/library/Cc959341" target="_blank">Domain Name System (DNS) server and hosts an Active Directory-integrated DNS zone. </a><br />
<br />
Computers in the branch offices
need to use resources throughout the network. You want to configure
name resolution for the branch offices. You need to keep the traffic generated
by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_qualified_domain_name" target="_blank"><strong>fully qualified domain name (FQDN)</strong> </a>resolution attempts to a minimum.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><b><i>What should you do to accomplish this?</i></b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
You need to configure a <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc794735(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank"><em>conditional</em> <em>forwarder</em></a> in each branch office. A
conditional forwarder can be configured to forward name requests directly to a specific authoritative DNS server for each DNS domain. This <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;"><em>helps to keep traffic generated by name requests to a minimum.</em> </span><br />
<em><br /></em>
<em><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770984.aspx" target="_blank">Specify Other DNS Servers as Authoritative for a Zone</a></em><br />
<em><br /></em>
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc782142(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Understanding forwarders</a><br />
<br />
You should not deploy a
<em>stub zone</em> server in each branch office. This does not resolve the situation. A
stub zone does not contain the full DNS database. It contains only the records necessary for pointing
to authoritative DNS servers.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", Verdana, Arial; font-size: 13px;">This type of resolution may be necessary when a corporate merger requires that the DNS servers for two separate DNS namespaces resolve names for clients in both namespaces.</span><br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc779197(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Understanding Stub Zones</a></blockquote>
<br />
You should not configure each DHCP server to provide a complete list of
DNS servers. DNS servers are <em>queried in the order in which they are listed</em>, so
this solution could result in multiple query requests for each name resolution
requirement. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754152.aspx" target="_blank">Understanding DNS Client Settings</a><br />
<br />
You should not <a href="http://draft.blogger.com/goog_1251832599">create a </a><strong><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc816657(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">Global Name Zone (GNZ)</a> </strong>and enable the zone on all DNS
servers. The GNZ provides simple single-name host name resolution, including support across forest boundaries. <em>It does nothing to improve
resolution of FQDNs.</em><br />
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd197461(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">DNS Server</a><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/DNS-Logo_Die_Grenze.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="125" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/DNS-Logo_Die_Grenze.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">By Mördel (Own work) [CC-BY-3.0 (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd197461(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank">DNS Technical Reference</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.pcrepairnorthshore.com/2011/10/installing-dns-server-role-in-windows.html" target="_blank">Installing a DNS Server Role in Windows Server 2008</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.pcrepairnorthshore.com/2011/10/configure-dns-server-role.html" target="_blank">Configure the DNS Server Role</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.pcrepairnorthshore.com/2011/11/configuring-and-troubleshooting-dhcp.html" target="_blank">Configuring and Troubleshooting DHCP</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.pcrepairnorthshore.com/2011/10/tips-on-how-to-configure-dns-zones-dns.html" target="_blank">Tips on How to Configure DNS Zones</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-42465479525156459012012-03-01T22:05:00.001-05:002012-07-21T19:11:44.725-04:00Configuring Server Security Compliance<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<em><strong>Apply Defense-in-Depth to Increase Security</strong></em><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_in_Depth_%28computing%29" target="_blank">Defense-in-depth</a> provides multiple
layers of defense to protect a network environment.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background-color: #f9cb9c;">Policies,
Procedures, and Awareness</span> - Security documentation and user
education</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background-color: black; color: #f3f3f3;">Physical
Security</span> - Guards and/or locks</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: #cc0000;">Perimeter</span></span>
- Firewalls</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background-color: #674ea7; color: white;">Internal
Network</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> -</span> Network segments (<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">subnets), IPSec</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: magenta;">Host</span></span>
- OS hardening (latest patches and updates), authentication</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background-color: silver;">Application</span>
- Application hardening and testing, antivirus patches</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: purple;">Data</span></span><span style="color: white;">
</span> - <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">ACLs </span>(Access Control Lists/permissions), encryption, <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">EFS
(</span>Encrypting File System)<br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
<em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Core Server Security Practices</span></em></h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Core server security practices should
be developed to effectively manage and maintain our servers.
</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Always apply and test the latest
service pack and all available security updates</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Use the <strong>Security Configuration
Wizard (SCW)</strong> to implement server security</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Use Group Policy to apply security
templates to servers and manage the servers</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Restrict scope of access for
service accounts</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Restrict who is able to log on
locally to servers</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Restrict physical and network
access to servers</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<em>
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong>Security Configuration Wizard (SCW)</strong></span></em><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
SCW reduces the surface attack area of
the server:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can create your security
policies and apply later. They can be saved as XML files so that
they can be opened in XML notepad and changes can be made, if
needed.
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We can roll back a security
policy, if we decide there is a problem.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We can use Ipsec to block unused
ports and secure ports left open.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Reduces protocol exposure.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can configure audit settings.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can disable unnecessary services.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><b>Note:</b> Before
you run the SCW on a Server 2008 computer, make sure you have all the
roles and applications installed, so that it can make an effective
scan of the ports in use and services required, so an appropriate
policy will be generated. </span></i>
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g0NlmYRFd4U/TxY_ALS8SYI/AAAAAAAAA50/-XSg5oMwHtA/s1600/dreamstime_xs_17447472.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g0NlmYRFd4U/TxY_ALS8SYI/AAAAAAAAA50/-XSg5oMwHtA/s200/dreamstime_xs_17447472.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<h5 class="western">
<em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">What exactly is Windows Firewall?</span></em></h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Windows Firewall is a stateful
host-based application that provides:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Filters both incoming and outgoing
network traffic</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Can be managed either by the
<strong>Control Panel</strong> tool or by the advanced <strong>Windows Firewall</strong> with the <strong>Advanced
Security MMC</strong> console</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Integrates firewall filtering and
<strong>IPSec</strong> protection settings</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>Group Policy</strong> support</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Enabled by default</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateful_firewall" target="_blank">Stateful firewall</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=17606" target="_blank">WindowsServer 2008 Security Guide</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/windows-server/2008-r2-overview.aspx" target="_blank">Windows Server 2008 R2</a></div>
<br />
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/942957" target="_blank">Security rules for Windows Firewall and for IPsec-based connections in Windows Vista and in Windows Server 2008</a><br />
<h5 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Demo – Security Configuration Wizard</span></h5>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Security Configuration Wizard</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Configuration Action </b>(choose
<i><b>Create a new security policy</b></i><b>)</b></div>
<ol type="a">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Create a new security policy</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Edit and existing security
policy</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Apply an existing security
policy</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Rollback the last applied
security policy</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Select Server. </b>In the
<b>Server </b>text box, type: nyc-dc1</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Processing Security
Configuration Database. </b>Press <b>View Configuration Database.
</b>The SCW is looking at the local machine to determine what roles
and services are installed. Accept the ActiveX warning display. From
here we can see the following. Scroll through and read the list in
each of the following:</div>
<ol type="a">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Server Roles</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Client Features</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Administration and Other
Options</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Services</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Windows Firewall</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Close </b>the viewer dialog box<b>
</b>after the above is viewed.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Role-Based Service
Configuration. </b>We can configure security based on the roles this
server is running. Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Select Server Roles. </b>You
can see the currently installed and active roles on the server. You
can view:</div>
<ol type="a">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>All roles</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Installed roles</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Uninstalled roles</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Selected roles</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Installed features. </b>View
the installed features.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Installed Options. </b>View the
installed options.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Handling Unspecified Services.
</b>Unspecified services are services that are not installed on the
selected server and not listed in the security configuration
database. You can select:</div>
<ol type="a">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Do not change the startup mode
of the service</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Disable the service</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Confirm Service Changes. </b>Scroll
through the list to see which services are disabled.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Network Security. </b>This
section is where you configure rules for Windows Firewall with
Advanced Security.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Network Security Rules. </b>You
can see the ports that are currently open and the rules configured.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Registry Settings. </b>Modify
any required registry settings here. We will skip this section.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Audit Policy. </b>Configure
auditing in this section. We will skip this section.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Save Security Policy. </b>Click
<b>Next.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Security Policy File Name. </b>The
default path is <b>c:\Windows\security\msscw\Policies</b>. Type in a
name and description at the end of the default path (it will be
saved as an xml file). You can <b>View Security Policy </b>or
<b>Include Security Templates.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Apply later </b>or <b>Apply
now. </b>We will <b>Apply later.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Finish</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Computer</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to the path indicated in step
29, <b>c:\Windows\security\msscw\Policies</b> (you will see the
security policy)</div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
<span style="font-size: large;"><em>Using Security Templates to Secure
Servers</em></span></h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in;">
<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/windows-server/2008-r2-overview.aspx" target="_blank"><b>WindowsServer 2008 R2 Overview</b></a></div>
<br />
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
What is a Security Policy?</span></h3>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A <b>Security Policy</b> is a
combination of security settings to be applied to a computer, locally
or in Active Directory.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Local Security Policies include:</b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
(do not have the same level of
security as Active Directory)</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Account Policies</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Local Policies</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Windows Firewall with Advanced
Security</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Public Key Policies</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
IP Security Policies on Local
Computer</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Active Directory Security Policies
include:</b></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Event Log</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Restricted Groups</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
System Services (allows you to
disable a system service through Group Policy)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Registry</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
File System</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Wired and Wireless Network
Policies</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Network Access protection</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
IP Security Policies on Active
Directory</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
What are Security Templates?</span></h3>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A security template is a collection of
configured security settings used to apply a security policy locally
or through Group Policy to a group of computers.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Built-in templates are located in
<b>%SystemRoot%\Security\Templates</b>. These templates are typically
used as a base to build your own customized security policies. Custom
security templates are stored in your local user profile folder. The
security templates are created and modified using the <b>Security
Templates MMC</b> snap-in.</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Security templates are deployed
based on the server role. Some server roles are more security
related, such as <b>Active Directory Rights Management Services (AD
RMS)</b> and <b>Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS)</b>.
To see a complete list of available server roles, run the <b>Server
Manager Wizard </b>from <b>Administrative Tools</b>.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Security templates can be deployed
to individual computers using the <b>SECEDIT </b>command.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Security Templates can be deployed
to groups of computers using <b>Group Policy</b>.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Demo – Configuring Security Templates</span></h4>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | mmc | Press Enter</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>File</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Add/Remove Snap-in...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Scroll down and select <b>Security
Templates </b>from the list of <b>Available snap-ins</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Add </b>button</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Expand <b>Security Templates
</b>(notice the default for saving the security templates is your
user profile)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click on your user profile
(the template path) and select <b>New Template...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><b>We are going to create a
base security template for a DHCP server...</b></i></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the <b>Template name: </b>text
box, type: <b>DHCP Base Security policy</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Type something into the
<b>Description: </b>text box</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Expand your user profile, and you
will see the <b>DHCP Base Security policy</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Expand <b>DHCP Base Security
policy </b>to see the settings that you can modify and set:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Account Policies</div>
</li>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Password Policy</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Account Lockout
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Kerberos Policy</div>
</li>
</ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Local Policies</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Audit Policy</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
User Rights Assignment</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Security Options</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Event Log (change event log
settings here)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Restricted Groups</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
System Services (all the system
services are listed here, you can stop and disable the service from
here)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Registry</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
File System</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Close the MMC and click Close the
MMC and click <b>Yes</b> to <b>Save Security Templates</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If you want to apply the security
policy locally to an individual computer, you can use the<strong> Local Group
Policy</strong> on the machine and import this security template into the
local security settings.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If you want to apply the security
policy to a group of computers, then you use <strong>Group Policy</strong> through
Active Directory:</div>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Group Policy Management</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If you want to bring the security
template into the <b>Default Domain Policy</b>, right-click <b>Default
Domain Policy </b>and select <b>Edit</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Expand <b>Policies</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Expand <b>Window Settings</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Expand <b>Security Settings</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click <b>Security Settings
</b>and <b>Import Policy...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
It is now defaulted to the
security policy we just created in our profile. Select the policy
and <b>Open. </b>Every machine that falls into the scope will then
pickup these security settings.</div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
What is the Security Configuration and Analysis
Tool?</span></h3>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <strong>Security and Configuration Analysis
Tool</strong> allows us to look at the current security configuration of a
computer and analyze that computer’s security configuration against
the configuration we have stored in one of our templates.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can launch it from an mmc, you will
then be presented with an option to create a security database. You
are then asked which of your security templates you wish to import
into that security database. We can then analyze the computer’s
current security to see if it is compliant and where it fails.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If you then want to bring the computer
up to date, you can right-click <b>Security Configuration and
Analysis</b> and select <b>Configure Computer Now.... </b>This will
override the current computer security settings with the settings
from the security database.</div>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Demo – Using the Security Configuration and
Analysis Snap-in</span></h4>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | mmc | Press Enter</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>File</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Add/Remove Snap-in...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Scroll down and select <b>Security
Configuration and Analysis </b>from the list of <b>Available
snap-ins</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Add </b>button</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Security</b>
<b>Configuration and Analysis</b> and the wizard displays</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click <b>Security</b>
<b>Configuration and Analysis </b>and select <b>Open Database...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Type <b>demo </b>into the <b>File
name: </b>text box</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Open</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
From here, we need to select a
security template to use as a baseline to measure the local
computer’s security. Earlier, for example, we created a <b>Server
baseline security </b>template. Select this and click <b>Open.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We now have the ability to analyze
the local computer against the template settings in our security
database.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click <b>Security</b>
<b>Configuration and Analysis </b>and select <b>Analyze Computer
Now...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A <b>Perform Analysis </b>dialog
box appears. There is and <b>Error log file path: </b>in the text
box field</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to the <b>Event Log </b>in the
main mmc console, and check the log for <span style="color: red;">red</span>
x’s for discrepancies in the policy. You can click on the error
and make changes to the security policy on the database. Or, when
you want to bring the local computer up to date, you can
right-click <b>Security Configuration and Analysis</b> and select
<b>Configure Computer Now....</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Note: Before you </i><i><b>Configure
Computer Now...., </b></i><i>you should </i><i><b>Export Template...
</b></i><i>of the current machine in case you need to restore, if
needed.</i></div>
<br />
<h3 class="western">
<span style="font-size: large;"><em>Configure an Audit Policy</em></span></h3>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If you ever need to find out what
happened to a deleted file or folder, you can configure an audit
policy to tell you:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Who deleted it?</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Where the file was deleted?</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
What was the time the file was
deleted?</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The first three elements of an audit
policy are deployed in Active Directory. Other elements have to be
configured on the local computer.</div>
<br />
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
What is Auditing?</span></h3>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Auditing tracks user and operating
system activities, and records selected events in security logs:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
What occurred?</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Who did it?</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
When?</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
What was the result?</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Enable auditing to create a baseline,
detect threats and attacks, determine damages, and prevent further
damage.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You should audit access to objects,
management of accounts, and users logging on and off.</div>
<br />
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
What is an Audit Policy?</span></h3>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
An audit policy determines the security
events reported to the network administrator.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R8LvLma7PPY/Tm1dbZ12gqI/AAAAAAAAAs8/Hmi68ePxK1k/s1600/dreamstime_xs_7495708.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R8LvLma7PPY/Tm1dbZ12gqI/AAAAAAAAAs8/Hmi68ePxK1k/s200/dreamstime_xs_7495708.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
We can configure an audit policy on a
local computer, or through Group Policy.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Set up an audit policy to track success
or failure of events, minimize unauthorized use of resources, and to
maintain a record of activity.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Security events are stored in security
logs.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The key to a good security policy is to
make it manageable. Who has time to go through and review a security
log with event viewer? If you don’t have something like <strong><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa505337.aspx" target="_blank">Microsoft Operations Manager</a></strong>(MOM) or <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/system-center/operations-manager.aspx" target="_blank"><strong>Systems Center Operations Manager</strong></a> (SCOM), you will
have to put aside time to review the event logs.</div>
<br />
<h3 class="western">
Types of Events to Audit</h3>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731389.aspx" target="_blank">Audit Policy Summary</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Audit for the <i>success or failure or
both</i> on the particular event.
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The following are types of events to
audit:</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Events that occur within Active
Directory:</b></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d;"><b>Account
Logon</b></span><span style="color: #1f497d;">. When the user logs onto AD
through a domain controller.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d;"><b>Account
Management</b></span><span style="color: #1f497d;">. Changes made to user,
group, or computer accounts within AD.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d;"><b>Directory
Service Access</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d;"><b>Directory
Service Changes</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d;"><b>Directory
Service Replication</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #1f497d;"><b>Detailed
Directory Service Replication</b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Changes made to the local computer
through Group Policy:</b></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #632423;"><b>Logon</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #632423;"><b>Object
Access</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #632423;"><b>Policy
Change</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #632423;"><b>Privilege
Use</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #632423;"><b>Process
Tracking</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #632423;"><b>System</b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<em><span style="color: #cc0000;"><strong>Question: </strong>You need to monitor Active Directory replication and changes to Active Directory. You need these events to be recorded in the Windows Security Event log. What tool should you use?</span></em><br />
<br />
<em><span style="color: #0b5394;"><strong>Answer: Use Auditpol.exe. Active Directory Audit Policy supports Directory Service Access, Directory Service Changes, Directory Service Replication, and Detailed Directory Service Replication.</strong></span></em><br />
<br />
<h4 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Demo – Configure Auditing</span></h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to the local policy of SVR1 machine.</div>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | gpedit.msc</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Press <b>Enter</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <b>Local Group Policy Editor</b>
displays</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Under <b>Local Computer Policy</b>,
expand <b>Computer Configuration</b>, <b>Windows Settings, Security
Settings</b>, and <b>Local Policies</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Highlight <b>Audit Policy</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The audit events display.
Double-click on the one you want, <b>Audit object</b> access, for
example</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Choose <b>Success </b>or <b>Failure</b>
under <b>Audit these attempts</b>: (you can do both, if you like)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Apply</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK </b>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
When we configure file and object
access, we have to configure the actual files and folders that we
want to audit access to. We do this through the <b>Access Control
List (ACL) NTFS Permissions. </b>How do we do this?</div>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Computer</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on the <b>C:</b> drive</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Pretend you have some sensitive
documents in the Resume folder. Right-click the <b>Resume </b>folder.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Properties</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to the <b>Security</b> tab</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on the <b>Advanced</b>
button at the bottom of the dialog box</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on the <b>Auditing</b> tab</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on the <b>Edit</b> button</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You need to set what users or
group that you would like to audit. Click on the <b>Add </b>button.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Under <b>Enter the object name to
select (examples):</b> type in <b>domain users</b> in the text box.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click the <b>Check Names</b>
button and click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <b>Auditing Entry for Resume
</b>dialog box displays. Let’s choose <b>Create file / write data</b>.
Check the <b>Successful </b>and <b>Failed</b> boxes.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Apply</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Now, we need to update the local policy
on SVR1:</div>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | cmd</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Press <b>Enter</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Type: <b>gpupdate /force</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Type: <b>Exit</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Later, when you are ready to check the
security log within Event Viewer:</div>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Event Viewer</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Expand <b>Windows Logs</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Security </b>to review
the events</div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)</span></h3>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We can deploy our own WSUS machines,
and from there we can deploy and test Windows software updates on a
schedule. This way we have complete control and really good reporting
functionality. This will minimize the amount of traffic generated from the root WSUS server. The update is transferred once from the root server to each WSUS server in remote locations. Local clients can receive updates from the local servers without generating additional traffic across the remote links where the root server is deployed.<br />
<br />
The first version of WSUS was know as SUS, Software Update Services. SUS only delivered hotfixes and patches to Windows. Support for SUS ended in July, 2007. To migrate update information from SUS to WSUS, run </div>
<b>WSUSutil.exe</b> command line utility on the WSUS server.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_Update_Services" target="_blank">Windows Server Update Services</a><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/bb466190" target="_blank">Downloads for Windows Server Update Services 3.0 SP2</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The list of available updates from the
Microsoft Update Web Site is propagated by a cab file, <b>Wsusscan.cab</b>
or <b>wsusscn2.cab</b>. This cab file is downloaded by the server that runs
WSUS, a Windows 2003 SP1 machine or later.
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>The settings for automatic updates can
be modified using Group Policy.</i></div>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
WSUS Process:</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Phase 1: Assess </div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Set up the production environment
supporting update management using WSUS for routine and emergency
installations</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Phase 2: Identify</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Discover the new updates that are
relevant for our production environment</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Phase 3: Evaluate and Plan</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Test updates in a test environment
that resembles the production environment. Set up the tasks
necessary to deploy updates to production, plan, build, and schedule
the update releases, and conduct acceptance testing of the releases.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Phase 4: Deploy</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Approve and schedule update
installations. <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/system-center/configuration-manager.aspx" target="_blank">SCCM System Center Configuration Manager</a> integrated with WSUS gives
us enterprise reporting. SCCM supports <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake-on-LAN" target="_blank">Wake-On-Lan (WOL)</a> so that we can update patches to computers that are turned
off.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
Server Requirements for WSUS:</h4>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Windows Server 2003 SP1 or Windows
Server 2008</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
IIS 6.0 or later</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Windows Installer 3.1 or later</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
SQL Server 2005 SP1 or later
(optional)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Microsoft Report Viewer
Redistributable 2005</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Use <b>Group Policy</b> or the
registry to configure <b>Automatic Updates</b>. In a <b>non-Active
Directory</b> environment, use the <b>Local Group Policy object (GPO</b>)
or edit the registry directly.</div>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Demo – Installing and Configure WSUS</span></h4>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Computer</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to the <b>D:</b> drive (where
we have already downloaded the installation pkg)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Double-click on the WSUS install
pkg</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Extracting Files</i></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <b>Windows Server Update
Services Setup Wizard </b>dialog box displays</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the<b> Installation Mode
Selection </b>page:</div>
<ol type="a">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Full server installation
including Administration Console </b>(we will choose this one)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Administration Console only</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The license agreement displays.
Read and click <b>I accept. </b>Click <b>Next.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Now, pick where to install WSUS.
Click <b>Next.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Database Options </b>page,
we will <b>Use existing Windows Internal Database on this Computer
</b>and click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You will see <b>Connecting to SQL
Server Instance. </b>Click <b>Next.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can <b>Use existing database
</b>or <b>Create new database. </b>We will <b>Create new database.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We will <b>Use the existing IIS
Default Web Site (recommended). </b>This will create a virtual
directory within the default web site. Click <b>Next.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Ready to Install Windows
Server Update Services </b>page, click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Installing...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Finish</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>At the end of the WSUS installation,
you can configure the server using a wizard. </i>
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
However, here is another way. WSUS 3.0 SP1 supports <b>client-side targeting</b> that allows you to create groups of computers and approve updates only for specific groups.<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"> <span class="Apple-style-span">In
this </span>exercise we will create a computer group and approve an update:</span></div>
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Microsoft Windows Server Update Services</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The snap-in is added automatically
and launched</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Options</b></div>
<ol type="a">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Update Source and Proxy Server
</b>you are going to use to connect to the Internet and choose the
<b>Update Source</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Products and Classifications.
</b>The types of products for which you want to synchronize updates
and what classification (Critical updates, Drivers, Security
Updates, etc.)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Update Files and Languages</b>.
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Synchronization Schedule</b>.
Manually or automatically.
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Automatic Approvals</b>.
Specify rules for automatically approving new updates when they are
synchronized.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><b>Computers.
</b>Click <b>All
Computers. </b>In the
Actions pane, click <b>Add
Computer Group </b>
</span></div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">In
the <b>Add Computer Group
</b>dialog box, specify a
computer group name of <b>Payroll
Computers </b>and click
<b>Add</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">In
the <b>Update Services
</b>list pane, under
<b>Computers </b>and<b>
All Computers, </b>click
<b>Unassigned Computers.
</b>In the <b>Unassigned
Computers </b>details
pane, specify <b>Any </b>in
the <b>Status </b>drop-down
list, and click <b>Refresh</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Right-click
one of the listed computers, and then click <b>Change
Membership...</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">In
the <b>Set Computer Group
Membership </b>dialog
box, select the <b>Payroll
Computers </b>check box,
and click <b>OK</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">In
the <b>Update Services
</b>administrative tool,
in the list pane, expand <b>Updates,
</b>and click <b>Critical
Updates. </b>In the
details pane, change <b>Approval:
</b>drop-down box to <b>Any
Except Declined. </b>Change
the <b>Status: </b>drop-down
box to <b>Any </b>and
click <b>Refresh
</b><b>(review the
updates available)</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">In
the <b>Critical Updates
</b>details pane,
right-click on of the updates and then select <b>Approve
</b>from the context menu</span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">In
the <b>Approve Updates</b>
dialog box that appears, click the arrow next to <b>All
Computers</b>, select
<b>Approved for Install</b>,
and click <b>OK</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">On
the <b>Approval Progress
</b>page, when the
process is complete, click <b>Close</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">The message
appears stating the update is approved, but must be downloaded to
complete</span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">In
the <b>Update Services
</b>console, click
<b>Reports </b>to
view the reports available in </span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">WSUS</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee;">.</span></b></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Server Cleanup Wizard.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Reporting Rollup.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>E=Mail Notifications.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Microsoft Update Improvement
Program.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b><br />
<b>Personalization.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>WSUS Server Configuration
Wizard. </b>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Managing Windows Server Update Services</span></h3>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc706995(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc708585(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Client Behavior with Update Deadlines</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc720525(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Best Practices with Windows Server Update Services 3.0</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>WSUS </b>uses the <b>MMC</b> for its
administration. Within the console tree, there is a section for the
WSUS server and there is an <b>Actions</b> pane. The WSUS server
section encompasses:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Updates</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Computers</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Downstream Servers</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Synchronizations (to the
Windows Update Servers)</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Reports</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Options</b></div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sCXORL8RuBU/TxZDYjtqdSI/AAAAAAAAA6M/Gh2WgMOUzFg/s1600/dreamstime_xs_22171019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sCXORL8RuBU/TxZDYjtqdSI/AAAAAAAAA6M/Gh2WgMOUzFg/s200/dreamstime_xs_22171019.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<h3 class="western">
Managing Computer Groups</h3>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We must configure the computers to
contact the WSUS server so that the WSUS server can recognize the
computers. Once the computer has been recognized, it will be assigned
to the <b>All Computers</b> and the <b>Unassigned Computers </b>group.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Computers can be assigned to more than
one group. Best practice is to create a computer group to test
updates before you deploy the updates to other computers.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We can use <b>Client-side targeting</b>
and <b>Server-side targeting </b>to set up computer groups. <b>Client-side targeting</b> involves using Group Policy and
modifying registry keys. <b>Server-side targeting</b> involves
manually adding each computer to a group.<br />
<br />
Enable the <b>Client-Side Targeting Group Policy </b>setting and specify a target group name for the computer:<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Go to the <b>Update Services</b> console and select <b>Options</b>. In the details pane, click <b>Computers</b>.</li>
<li>In the <b>Computers</b> dialog box, select <b>Use Group Policy Or Registry Settings On Computers</b>. Click <b>OK</b>.</li>
</ol>
The next step is to configure GPOs to place computers in the correct computer group. Create a separate GPO for each computer group and configure each one to apply to the appropriate computers.<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Open the GPO in the <b>Group Policy Management Editor.</b></li>
<li>Select the <b>Computer Configuration\Policies\Administrative Templates\Windows Components\Windows Update</b></li>
<li>In the details pane, double-click <b>Enable Client-Side Targeting</b> policy.</li>
<li>In the <b>Properties</b> dialog box, select <b>Enabled</b>. Type the name of the computer group that you want to add the computer to and then click <b>OK</b>.</li>
</ol>
After the client computers have applied the Group Policy settings, restart the Windows Update services and contact the WSUS server.<br />
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc720433(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Create Computer Groups for Computers</a></div>
<br />
<h3 class="western">
Approving Updates</h3>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Install</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Decline</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Unapprove</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Removal</b></div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The WSUS environment is configured. The
updates are downloaded. The updates now need to be approved before
they go out to the client machines. We can approve the installation
of updates for all of the computers within the WSUS environment or we
can apply the updates to different computer groups.
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
After the update is approved, we can
install the update, remove the update if the application supports
removal, or we can set a deadline for automatic installation. If we
set up an automatic installation, it will override the client
computer settings.</div>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Demo – Managing WSUS</span></h4>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
Configure client machines to get their updates
from the internal WSUS server, rather than going to the Internet. Use
the Group Policy Management Console to create and link a Group Policy
Object (GPO) to the domain to configure client updates:</h5>
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Group Policy Management</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Expand <b>Domains</b> and expand
your domain</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Highlight <b>Group Policy Objects</b>
and highlight <b>Default Domain Policy</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click and select <b>Edit</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Under <b>Computer Configuration</b>,
expand <b>Policies</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Administrative Templates</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Expand <b>Windows Components</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Scroll down and select <b>Windows
Update</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select and double-click <b>Configure
Automatic Updates </b>and set <b>Enabled </b>on the <b>Setting</b>
tab</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Under <b>Configure automatic
updating:</b></div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>2 – Notify for download and
notify for install</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>3 – Auto download and notify
for install</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>4 – Auto download and
schedule the install </b>(<i>we will choose this one)</i></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Allow local admin to choose
the setting</b></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Under <b>Scheduled install day:</b>,
<i>we will choose </i><i><b>1 – Every Sunday</b></i></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Under <b>Scheduled install time:
</b><i>we will choose </i><i><b>3:00</b></i></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Apply</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select and double-click <b>Specify
intranet Microsoft update service location</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Set to<b> Enabled</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the text boxes of <b>Set the
intranet update service for detecting updates: </b>and <b>Set the
intranet statistics server: </b>type: <a href="http://nyc-svr1/"><b>http://nyc-svr1</b></a><b>
</b>(example)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Apply</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Examine the other settings in
<b>Windows Update </b>to see if they need modifying</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Close down <b>Group Policy </b>itself
and the <b>Group Policy Management </b>console</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Run | cmd</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Type: <b>gpupdate /force </b>to
update the Group Policy
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Close down command prompt</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Control Panel | Windows
Update</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can see the changed settings
in the Windows Update dialog box</div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A useful command line utility, <a href="http://wuauclt-exe.com/wuauclt-exe-detectnow/" target="_blank">wuaclt/detectnow</a> is a Microsoft product that comes with Windows and is
a way to let users acquire critical security updates from the windows
update website.</div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
Manage the updates on WSUS server, nyc-svr1
(example)</h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc706995(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">WindowsServer Update Services (WSUS)</a></div>
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Microsoft Windows Server Update Services 3.0 SP1</b> <i>(note: as of
today , the current release is SP2. This demo is based on SP1)</i></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In this example, we see a number
of security and critical updates waiting to be <span style="color: #1f497d;"><u>approved</u></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the console tree, under
<b>Updates</b>, we can review the update status:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>All Updates</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Critical Updates</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Security Updates</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>WSUS Updates</b></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click any status to get a
context menu:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Approve...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Decline</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Group By</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Revision History</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>File Information</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Status Report</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Help</b></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Back to the console tree, under
<b>Computers, All Computers, Unassigned Computers</b>, we can see
the status of the updates for the computers. Select the machine and:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Delete</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Group By</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Status Report</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Help</b><br />
<b><br /></b></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-78758395602958135352012-02-19T15:55:00.000-05:002013-02-12T14:21:48.423-05:00Configuring Availability of Network Resources<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fv3TqoU4R5g/TpjtmlwJNQI/AAAAAAAAAzs/K0KofM_yoT0/s1600/dreamstime_xs_16697852.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fv3TqoU4R5g/TpjtmlwJNQI/AAAAAAAAAzs/K0KofM_yoT0/s320/dreamstime_xs_16697852.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<strong>Backing Up Data</strong><br />
<strong><br /></strong>
<strong>Windows Server 2008 </strong>has an additional role installed called <b>Windows Se</b><b>rver Backup (WSB)</b>. Backup consists of a <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb742441.aspx" target="_blank">Microsoft Management Console (MMC) </a>snap-in, command-line tools, and Windows PowerShell cmdlets.<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">New Windows Server Backup (WSB) Features</span><br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can protect the <i>entire server</i>
without using a separate backup and recovery technology</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Backup entire server or <i>selected
volumes</i></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Use wizards, tools, and the
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770593(WS.10).aspx#BKMK_Windows_Recovery_Environment_overview" target="_blank">Complete PC Restore</a> feature to assist in recovering a server</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Full support for <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc785914(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Volume Shadow Copy service (VSS)</a></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Easier to restore to a point in
time</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Can use Backup to provide
application recovery</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Improved scheduling utility</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Better remote administration both
from the GUI and through <b>Windows PowerShell</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419" target="_blank">Windows PowerShell</a> brings us
extensive command line support<br />
<br /></div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<i></i></div>
<a name='more'></a><i>The <b>MMC</b> snap-in is not available on <b>Windows Server 2008</b> Standard operating system edition and all core installations. To manage backups on a <b>Windows Server 2008</b> Standard, you must use the snap-in on another computer to manage the backups remotely. Or, you can use the command-line tools on the local computer.</i></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
Direct backup to tape is no longer supported and we now have to use network locations or DVD, removable media, or local storage.</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<i>You can use the <a href="http://www.ntbackup.us/" target="_blank">Ntbackup.exe</a> tool to mount tapes from previous backup versions in Windows Server 2000 and Windows Server 2003. However, you can not use it to create new backups on Windows Server 2008.</i></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754572(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Windows Server Backup</a></span></i></div>
</div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
Permissions</h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-M-QqXZt1tdQ/Tz3cSENN0_I/AAAAAAAAA7I/VHXpMQdnNVQ/s1600/dreamstime_xs_23006564.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-M-QqXZt1tdQ/Tz3cSENN0_I/AAAAAAAAA7I/VHXpMQdnNVQ/s320/dreamstime_xs_23006564.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
By default, members in the following
groups can backup and restore data on a server:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Administrators</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Server Operators</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Backup Operators</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in;">
To increase
security:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Custom groups that separate the
backup and restore <b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc780182(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">User Rights Assignments</a></b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Limit the number of users that
belong to the default groups having backup and restore rights</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754472(WS.10).aspx">What's
New in AD DS Backup and Recovery?</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd349801(WS.10).aspx">Windows
Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2</a><br />
<br />
<i><b>Question</b>: You have a network configured as a single Active Directory domain. All of your domain controllers run Windows Server 2008 R2. <b>Several objects were accidentally deleted</b> from Active Directory Domain Services. You need to recover the objects as quickly as possible. What is the first thing you should do in your recovery process?</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;"><b>Answer:</b></span> Restart one domain controller in the <b>Directory Services Restore Mode (DSRM)</b>. Then, perform an authoritative restore of the deleted objects. DSRM is used on a Microsoft Windows Domain Controller to take Active Directory offline. There is no reason to take all domain controllers offline and this would interfere with network operations.</i></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t_2clRfNiio/Tz3bAuD_wcI/AAAAAAAAA64/_0UZQUV8ErI/s1600/dreamstime_xs_12932510.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-t_2clRfNiio/Tz3bAuD_wcI/AAAAAAAAA64/_0UZQUV8ErI/s200/dreamstime_xs_12932510.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<h4 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3; color: #cc0000;">
What is System State Data?</span></h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Windows Server 2008</b> does not backup and
recover system state data by the same method as servers that run
<b>Windows Server 2003</b> or <b>Windows Server 2000</b>. <b>Windows Server 2008</b> requires a backup of
critical volumes rather than only backing up system state data.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>The <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;">system components making up system
state data</span> depend on the server roles installed; the volumes that
host the critical files the operating system and installed roles use.</i>
For example, if the machine is a domain controller, only the <b>SYSVOL</b> is
backed up.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<table border="1" bordercolor="#000001" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" style="width: 638px;">
<colgroup><col width="304"></col>
<col width="304"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="304"><b>Component</b></td>
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="304">When is component included in System State?</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>Registry</b></td>
<td width="304">Always</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>Com+ and Class Registration database</b></td>
<td width="304">Always</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>Boot files, including system files</b></td>
<td width="304">Always</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>Active Directory Certificate Services database</b></td>
<td width="304">If it is a Certificate Services server</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>Active Directory Domain Services database</b></td>
<td width="304">If it is a domain</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>SYSVOL directory</b></td>
<td width="304">Only if a domain controller</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>Cluster service information</b></td>
<td width="304">If it is in a cluster</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>IIS Metadirectory</b></td>
<td width="304">If installed</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>System files under Windows Resource Protection</b></td>
<td width="304">Always</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
Optimizing Backup Performance</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>Windows Server Backup (WSB)</strong> performs a block level backup by
writing to a virtual hard disk. That optimizes and increases
performance, even if performing full backups on a constant basis.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can choose one of the following
settings available under the <b>Configure Performance Settings </b>option
in the <b>Actions </b>pane of the <b>Windows Server Backup</b>:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Always perform full backup</b>. Slows
down the backup speed, but does not impact performance.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Always perform incremental backup</b>.
Increases backup speed, but does not impact performance.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Custom.</b> You can configure each
volume separately for <i>full backup</i> or <i>incremental backup</i>.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Qe5MwYLbw10/Tz3dJ3RA4EI/AAAAAAAAA7Q/2h1unRQT-ds/s1600/dreamstime_xs_16847023.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Qe5MwYLbw10/Tz3dJ3RA4EI/AAAAAAAAA7Q/2h1unRQT-ds/s320/dreamstime_xs_16847023.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h4 class="western">
How is Data Restored?</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The restore utility launches a wizard
and must be installed by using the <strong>Initial Configuration Wizard</strong> or the
<strong><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732131(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Server Manager</a></strong> tool.
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
After data has been successfully backed
up, you can use the <strong>Windows Server Backup Recover</strong> option in the
<strong>Actions</strong> pane to recover volumes, folder, and files located on the
local server, or a different server that you can connect to remotely.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Because we are using a <a href="http://blog.inetu.net/2011/03/file-vs-block-level-backups/" target="_blank">block-level backup</a>, in the back ground the virtual hard drive is mounted. We step
through the wizard to restore data back to the server. </div>
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754097(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Backup and Recovery</a><br />
<h4 class="western">
Specify a Backup Time</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can use the <strong><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc742492.aspx" target="_blank">Backup Schedule Wizard</a></strong>
located in the <strong>Windows Server Backup Actions</strong> pane to create a backup
schedule. You have the ability to specify options and can backup the
entire server or specific volumes only. You can schedule backups when
you wish.
</div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
Demo – Installing an Configuring Windows Server
Backup</h5>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Server Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Highlight <b>Features</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the details pane, click on <span style="color: #c00000;"><b>Add
Features</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Check off the <b>Window Server
Backup Features</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Underneath <b>Window Server Backup
Features</b>,you have:</div>
<ol type="a">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Windows Server Backup</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Command-line Tools </b>(if you
want command-line, you will also need <b>Windows PowerShell.</b> If
you select <b>Command-line</b>, a dialog box pops-up giving you the
option of installing the <b>Windows PowerShell</b> feature). In
this example, we will add <b>Windows PowerShell </b>feature.</div>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Install</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Close</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Close <b>Server Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to <b>Start | Administrative
Tools | Windows Server Backup</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa384649(v=vs.85).aspx" target="_blank">Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS)</a> is a built-in Windows mechanism that provides iterative (successive) versions of data. It provides a snapshot at a point-in-time.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Shadow copies can be used to:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Recover files</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Review, save, or copy previous
versions of files</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
Shadow copies are:<br />
<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Enabled per volume</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Not a replacement for your
regular backups</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Shadow copies are allocated
storage limits versions</div>
</li>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
</ul>
<em><span style="color: #cc0000;"><strong>Question: </strong>You have some shared folders on a computer running Windows Server 2008 R2. You need to make sure users can recover recently overwritten or deleted files. What can you do?</span></em><br />
<br />
<em><span style="color: #0b5394;"><strong>Answer: </strong>Right click the <strong>Shared Folders</strong> in <strong>Computer Management</strong>, click <strong>All Tasks</strong>, and click <strong>Configure Shadow Copies</strong>. Go to the volume where the shared folders are located. Select <strong>Enable</strong> to enable shadow copies.</span></em><br />
<ul>
</ul>
The end-user will have access to a
file’s previous version on the <b>Previous Versions</b> tab of the
file <b>Properties</b>. The user is able to view the previous version
of the file and to copy a previous version of the file to a different
location. The user can also recover the previous version of the file
and overwrite the existing current version of the file.<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
Note that shadow copies maintain a <i>maximum of 64 copies</i> of a file. The copy schedule affects the amount of time that the oldest copies are deleted. Microsoft recommends writing shadow copies to a <u>different volume</u> on a <u>different drive </u>that the shared folders.</div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Schedule.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Schedule.gif" /></a></div>
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Shadow Copy Scheduling</span></h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <b>default schedule is 7:00 A.M.
and noon </b>each day.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Create a shadow copy schedule based on:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Volume of changes</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Importance of changes</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Storage limitations</b></div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Demo – Configure Shadow Copies (Server side)</span></h5>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Shadows.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Shadows.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to <b>Windows Explorer</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click the <b>D </b>drive</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Properties</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on the <b>Shadow Copies</b>
tab</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You will see the <b>D </b>drive
highlighted. Choose <b>Settings</b></div>
<ol type="a">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can change the <b>Storage
area </b>for the actual shadow copies.
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can limit the size of the
copy
<b>Use limit:</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can change the <b>Schedule.</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Highlight the disk and you will
see the <b>Enable </b>tab is greyed out to mean the shadow copy is
now enabled</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If you want to perform a shadow
copy now, click the <b>Create Now </b>button</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Shadow Copies from the Client side</span></h5>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>Windows XP</strong> and <strong>Windows</strong> <strong>2000</strong> Client
computers must have the <b>Previous Versions</b> client installed
(<strong>Windows 7, Vista</strong> and <strong>XP SP2+3</strong>)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Clients must use the share path to
an object to show the <strong>Previous Versions</strong> tab (navigate to the share
path and right-click on the file to see the <strong>Previous Versions</strong>
option)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Shadow Copies do not replace
regular backups</div>
</li>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</ul>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Note: if you have an older version
of <strong>Windows XP</strong> or <strong>Windows 2000 SP3</strong> or <strong>SP4</strong>, then you need a file called
<strong>TWClient.msi</strong>. This can be found in the client’s directory of the
<strong>Windows 2003 Server</strong> installation or downloaded free from <strong>Microsoft</strong>.
This will allow the previous versions of the operating system to take
advantage of the shadow copy.</i></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Backup-and-recovery-strategies-for-IT-pros">Backup
and recovery strategies for IT pros</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Previous-versions-of-files-frequently-asked-questions">Previous
versions of files: frequently asked questions</a></div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Demo - Restore Shadow Copies on a Vista client</span></h5>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Run</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Type: <a href="file://nyc-dc1/shadow"><b>\\</b>nyc-dc1\shadow</a>
and click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The client goes to the server and
opens a document called <b>ShadowTest</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Open the document and modify it in
some way and then save the document</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to the <b>Date modified </b>column
and right-click</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Restore previous
versions. </b>Optionally, if you go to <b>Properties, </b>prior to
selecting <b>Restore previous versions</b>, you can see the <b>File
versions: </b>and you can <b>Open, Copy..., </b>or <b>Restore </b>the
file</div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
Providing Server and Service
Availability</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
How do you protect your servers from
outages?</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Fail-over clustering can be a great
solution to a mission-critical application. If you lose one node in a
cluster, then the passive node will fail-over and assume the
responsibilities of the failed node. The interruption to the
client/end-user is virtually un-noticeable. This allows you to repair
the cluster, and then fail the failed cluster node back again.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>Network Load Balancing (NLB)</strong> has had
some significant enhancements in conjunction with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Forefront_Threat_Management_Gateway" target="_blank">ISA Server 2006</a>.
<strong>NLB </strong>provides us with the ability to load-balance and give us
fault-tolerance with IP-based services, such as Web servers, Virtual
Private Networking (VPN), Streaming Media, Terminal Services, Proxy,
etc.
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/VPN_v2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/VPN_v2.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
NLB Overview</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
When we install NLB as a network driver
on our member servers or the host within a cluster, the computer must have only TCP/IP on the adapter. Do not add any other protocols to the adapter, for example, IPX. NLB allows for the creation of a cluster containing up to 32 computers, called <i>cluster hosts</i>. The NLB drivers effectively partition the client space among the cluster hosts. </div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The client machine is only aware of the
virtual IP and does not know it is communicating with multiple
machines within the cluster. When the client initiates communication,
it does it to the virtual IP. <em>All the nodes in the cluster share the
same virtual IP as well as their dedicated IP address.</em> The client has
a mapping to one of the nodes within the cluster, and only that node
handles the client request and allows the request to propagate up to the TCP/IP protocol driver and eventually a server application. The other nodes within the NLB cluster drop that client’s request. If there is a failure in the NLB
cluster, then the client request is handled by one of the other nodes
within the NLB cluster. No new client requests are sent to the failed cluster host. Another host can be added to the cluster and will handle future client requests, seamlessly.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>NLB </strong>is a <strong>Windows Server 2008</strong> feature. Network Load Balancing is based on <a href="http://briolidz.wordpress.com/2011/12/07/ndis-driver-types/" target="_blank">NDIS lightweight filter </a>technology. Using <strong>NLB </strong>with <strong>Terminal Services</strong> offers increased availability,
scalability, and load-balancing performance.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963901" target="_blank">Windows Internals Book</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/edge/ff711653" target="_blank">Network Load Balancing (NLB) in Windows Server 2008</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/windows-server/failover-clustering-network-load-balancing.aspx" target="_blank">Failover Clustering; Network Load Balancing</a>
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/556067" target="_blank">Network Load Balancing - Concept and Notes</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd349801(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2</a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770558.aspx" target="_blank">Network Load Balancing</a></div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Demo – Installing NLB</span></h5>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Server Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Features</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the details pane, select <b>Add
Features</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Check <b>Network Load Balancing</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Install</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Close</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
Create NLB Cluster</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
There are three types of configuration:</div>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Host Parameters. </b>Specify
an id for each host in the NLB cluster. The host with the lowest
numerical priority in the cluster, handles all of the network
traffic not covered by a specific port rule. We can override the
priorities by providing specific port ranges on the port rules tab.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Cluster Parameters. </b>This is
where the IP address and subnet-mask is set up. The values have to
be the same on all servers in the cluster. We also provide a full
Internet name (FQDN) for the cluster. These parameters apply to a
NLB cluster as a whole.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Port Rules</b>. Specify port
rules to control traffic within the cluster. We can direct traffic
to specific clusters within the array and we can set up filtering
within the port-forwarding rules, in order to filter out certain
types of traffic.</div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Note: You must be a member of the
<strong>Administrators</strong> group on the host you are configuring, or you must
have been delegated authority to use the <strong>NLB Manager</strong>. If you are
configuring a cluster or host by running the <strong>NLB Manager</strong> on a
computer that is not part of the cluster, you do not have to be an
<strong>Administrator</strong> on that computer.</div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Demo – Configure an NLB Cluster</span>
</h5>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
(How to create a enable NLB, how we create an NLB
cluster, and how to add hosts to the cluster)</h5>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Network Load Balancing Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Highlight <b>Network Load
Balancing Clusters </b>and right-click select <b>New Cluster</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>New Cluster: Connect </b>dialog
box displays</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the <b>Host: </b>text box,
type:<em> nyc-svr1</em> and click <b>Connect</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the <b>Interfaces available for
configuring a new cluster </b>section, choose <b>Local Area
Connection</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We can click <b>Add </b>to add
multiple IP address, set the <b>Priority, </b>and set the <b>Initial
host state (Started, Stopped, Suspended)</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Then we choose a cluster IP
address. This is the virtual IP address used for the cluster. Click
<b>Add.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can add an Ipv4 or Ipv6
address. We will use <em>Ipv4, 192.168.2.200.</em> When we click on <b>Subnet
mask:</b>, it fills in the default classful subnet mask. (You might
need to modify this, if you are not using classful IP addresses)
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the next dialog box, enter the
<b>Full Internet name: </b>for the NLB cluster. We will enter
<em>web1.woodgrovebank.com</em>. We can use one of several <b>Cluster
operation mode:</b></div>
<ol type="a">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Unicast </b>(we will use this)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Multicast</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>IGMP multicast</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <b>Port Rules </b>dialog box
displays for <b>TCP </b>and <b>UDP </b>traffic
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Finish</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
After returning to the main dialog
box, right click on the <em>web1.woodgrovebank.com</em> and select <b>Add
Host to Cluster.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the <b>Host: </b>text box,type:
<em>nyc.dc1</em> and click <b>Connect</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Notice the priority is 2</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can set up port rules if you
need to. Click <b>Finish</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
What is a Failover Cluster?</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A failover cluster is a group of
independent computers that work together to increase availability of
applications and services. They are physically cabled together and
can be connected by software, also.</div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Improvements to Failover Clustering within
Windows Server 2008</span></h5>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Validation feature ensures system,
storage, and network configuration is suitable for a cluster</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Support for globally unique
identifier (GUID) partition table (GPT) disks in cluster storage</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Cluster setup improvements to the
wizard</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Simplified configuration to manage
the application interface</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Improved stability and security,
resulting in increased availability</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Improved cluster communication
with storage</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Improvements to networking and
security</div>
</li>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</ul>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Hardware Requirements</span></h5>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The additional hardware needed for
<strong>Failover Clustering</strong> needs to be certified for use with <strong>Windows
Server 2008</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Additional network adapters and
cabling so that we can create our private network between the nodes
of our cluster</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The operating system should be
<strong>Windows Server 2008 Enterprise</strong> edition or later</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Device controllers or appropriate
adapters for storage</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Storage</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc730692.aspx">Overview
of Failover Clusters</a></div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Best Practices</span></h5>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Properly secure the <strong>NLB</strong> hosts and
load-balanced applications.</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>NLB</strong> does not provide additional
security for the load-balanced hosts.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You must protect the <strong>NLB</strong> subnet
from intrusion
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>Microsoft</strong> recommends <i>two or more
network adapters</i> in each cluster when possible.</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If the cluster is operating in
the default <em>unicast</em> mode, <strong>NLB</strong> is unable to distinguish between
single adapters on each host.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If you use two network
adapters, as recommended, make sure you install <strong>Network Load
Balancing</strong> on only one adapter.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Use only the <strong>TCP/IP</strong> network
protocol on the cluster adapter.
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Enable <strong>Network Load Balancing
Manager</strong> logging:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <strong>Network Load Balancing Manager
(NLBM)</strong> can be configured to log each <strong>NLBM</strong> event. Enable<em> </em><strong>NLBM logging</strong>
by clicking <strong>Log Settings</strong> in the <strong>NLBM Options</strong> menu. Select the
<strong>Enable logging</strong> check box, and specify a name and location for the
log file.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <strong>Network Load Balancing
Manager</strong> log file must be properly secured, as it contains
potentially sensitive info. By default, the log file inherits the
directory’s security settings in which it is created, so you may
need to change the permissions on the file to restrict read and
write access to some individuals. Be aware the person using <strong>NLBM</strong>
requires full control of the log file.</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Verify the load-balanced app is
started on all cluster hosts where the app is installed:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<em><strong>NLB</strong> does not start or stop
applications</em></div>
<em>
</em></li>
</ul>
<em>
</em></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc740265(WS.10).aspx">Network
Load Balancing Best practices</a></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-85603349503750044222012-02-12T22:37:00.000-05:002012-04-08T15:42:27.793-04:00Storage Management and FSRM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TVq4TZ_y-l8/TyQnv88tbfI/AAAAAAAAA6g/tjRO_2oSUDk/s1600/Data_management_Icon_256.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TVq4TZ_y-l8/TyQnv88tbfI/AAAAAAAAA6g/tjRO_2oSUDk/s1600/Data_management_Icon_256.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>File Server Resource Manager (FSRM)</strong> is
a new suite of storage management tools in <strong>Windows Server 2008 R2.</strong></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
There are many challenging aspects to
storage management:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Some organizations have growth
requirements anywhere from 60-100 percent per year</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Critical data must always
be available</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Organizations must comply with
regulatory requirements</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The amount of storage-intensive
apps on the market has increased</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
How to determine existing storage
capacity and usage trends</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
How to determine whether usage
supports organizational goals</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Defining and implementing storage
policies</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Adjusting policies such as
restricting employee personal file storage as capacity needs grow</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
How do we address capacity and storage management?<a name='more'></a></h5>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You need to analyze how the
storage is used</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Define storage resource management
policies</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Implement policies to slow storage
growth</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Acquire tools to implement
policies</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Server-directory-yellow.svg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Server-directory-yellow.svg" width="141" /></a></div>
<h5 class="western">
What is File Server Resource Manager (FSRM)?</h5>
<a href="http://blogs.technet.com/b/seanearp/archive/2008/03/11/the-best-feature-you-ve-never-heard-of.aspx" target="_blank">The best feature you've never heard of...</a><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>File Server Resource Manager</strong> is a <strong>File
Services</strong> role.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>FSRM</strong> can be applied to folders.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>FRSM</strong> has quota templates, built-in or
custom designed. We can easily assign a template to a folder on a file
server.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>FRSM</strong> also has advanced features such as
file screening to protect us from inappropriate file types, such as
AVI or MP3 files. We can be notified if a user attempts to store one
of these files into a folder that is being screened.
</div>
<br />
<h6 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">The File Server Resource Manager integrates:</span></h6>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Capacity Management</b>.
Monitors usage patterns and utilization levels.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Policy Management</b>.
Restricts file storage (file screening).</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Quota Management</b>. Limits
the amount of space used for volumes, folders, or shares.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Reports</b>.
Provides storage reports for regulatory requirements the allow
management to oversee and audit storage management.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd758761(WS.10).aspx">File
Server Resource Manager Step-by-Step Guide for Windows Server 2008 R2</a></div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">
FSRM Functions</span></h5>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Folder.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Folder.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Centrally manage quotas to limit
the space allowed on a volume or folder</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Quotas can be automatically
generated</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Create file screens
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Monitor unauthorized file types
from being stored on our system</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Define quota and file screening
templates</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Generate scheduled or on-demand
storage reports </div>
</li>
</ul>
<h5 class="western">
</h5>
<h5 class="western">
Demo – Install the FSRM Role</h5>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Server Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Expand <b>Roles</b> and select<b>
File Services</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click <b>File Services</b>
and select <b>Add Role Services</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Check <b>File Server Resource
Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Configure Storage Usage
Monitoring</b> page, choose the volume you would like to
monitor. We will choose both the Local Disk (C:) and the D: drive in
this demo. We can also set report options if we want by selecting
the <b>Options...</b> button.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Set Report Options</b>
page, you set where you want the reports to go and whether you want
to <b>Receive reports by e-mail</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Confirm Installation
Selections</b> page, is a summary of where you are setting <b>FSRM</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Install</b>
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Installation Results
</b>page, click <b>Close</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Close <b>Server Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to <b>Start | Administrative
Tools </b>and you will see <b>Files Server Resource Manager</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
FRSM Configuration Options</h4>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Configure e-mail notifications</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Configure default parameters for
storage reports</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Change the report repository
locations</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Configure file screen audit</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Demo – Configure FSRM Options</span></h5>
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
File Server Resource Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click and select <b>Configure
Options...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Set up a mail server in order to
receive reports via email. Enter the mail server in the <b>SMTP
server name or IP address: </b>field.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Enter the <b>Default administrator
recipients: </b>in the text box.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on the <b>Notification
Limits </b>tab. The notification limits are set to minutes. You can
change them in the text boxes provided for<b>:</b></div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>E-mail notification</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Event log notification</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Command notification</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Report notification</b></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Storage Reports </b>tab,
you can configure the default parameters for each storage report.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Report Locations</b>
tab, you can set the volume or drive Report locations.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>File Screen Audit </b>tab,
you can check to <b>Record file screening activity in auditing
database.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
Configure Quota Management</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>FRSM</strong> allows you to give quotas at a
folder level and is more flexible than the<strong> NTFS</strong> quotas. You can build
templates that make it quick and easy to apply a template to run
quotas.
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Quota management is “Limiting storage
space via a <i>hard or soft quota</i> and generating notification
when the limits are approached or exceeded”.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A hard quota limit is when the storage
of data is prevented once the limit is reached.
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A soft quota limit is when the limit is
allowed to be exceeded, but, we are notified via e-mail,
event-viewer, or a combination of both.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Notification thresholds can be
configured to:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Send e-mail notifications</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Log an event</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Run a command or script</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Generate storage reports</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
Comparison of FRSM Quotas vs. NTFS Disk Quotas</h5>
<br />
<table border="1" bordercolor="#000001" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" style="width: 638px;">
<colgroup><col width="88"></col>
<col width="111"></col>
<col width="395"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="88">Quota Features</td>
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="111">NTFS Quotas</td>
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="395">FSRM Quotas</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="88">Quota Tracking</td>
<td width="111">Per user/per volume</td>
<td width="395">By folder or volume</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="88">Disk Usage
</td>
<td width="111">Logical file size</td>
<td width="395">Actual disk space</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="88">Notification</td>
<td width="111">Event logs only</td>
<td width="395">E-mail, reports, command line execution of a batch file or
program, event logs</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Quota Templates</span></h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A quota template defines:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A space limit</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Type: Hard or Soft Quota</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Notifications generate when quota
limit is reached</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background-color: silver;"><b>Default
Quota Templates</b> are provided in the <b>Quota Management </b>node of <b>FSRM</b>.</span></div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Creating and Modifying Quotas</span></h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Create a quota</i> options:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Create a quota on a path</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Apply template and create quotas
on existing and new subfolders</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Modify a quota:</i></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Update quotas by editing quota
template</i></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Edit an automatic quota</i></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Update individual quotas listed
in the details pane</i></div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
Monitor Quota Usage</h5>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
View the quota information in <strong>FSRM</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Quota Usage reports</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Create soft quotas</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Note: Quotas normally have an I/O
performance overhead of 10 percent or less.</i></div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
<span style="font-size: small;">Demo – Create and Manage Quota’s</span></h5>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
File Server Resource Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Under <b>Quota Management, </b>right-
click <b>Quota Templates </b>and select <b>Create Quota Template...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Give it a <b>Template Name:</b>.
We will give it a name of <b>250MB - Limit Report to Administrator</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Drop down and type <b>250 </b>in
the <b>Limit: </b>text box</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Soft quota: Allow users
to exceed limit (use for monitoring) </b>so you can see the reports
and event viewer usage</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on the <b>Add </b>button to
add some thresholds.
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the <b>Add Threshold </b>dialog
box, let’s enter <b>60% </b>in the <b>Generate notifications when
usage reaches (%): </b>text box.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Check off <b>Send e-mail to the
following administrators:</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on the <b>Add </b>button to
add another threshold.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the <b>Add Threshold </b>dialog
box, let’s enter <b>85% </b>in the <b>Generate notifications when
usage reaches (%): </b>text box.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Check off <b>Send e-mail to the
following administrators:</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on the <b>Event Log </b>tab
and enter <b>85 </b>in the <b>Generate notifications when usage
reaches (%): </b>text box.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
When you return to the <b>Create
Quota Template </b>dialog box, you see the two thresholds of 60% and
85%.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Now, we will apply a quota to a
folder. Select <b>Quotas </b>and right-click. Select <b>Create
Quota...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the <b>Drive properties from
this quota template (recommended): </b>text box, drop down and
select the template <b>250MB Limit – Report to Administrator</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go up to the <b>Quota path: </b>text
box and <b>Browse...</b> to <b>Select a folder </b>and select a
folder</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Create </b>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sLonDKpyZ3o/TyQofybk-cI/AAAAAAAAA6o/Ts2NVds6HEg/s1600/Folder_Data_Icon_256.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sLonDKpyZ3o/TyQofybk-cI/AAAAAAAAA6o/Ts2NVds6HEg/s200/Folder_Data_Icon_256.png" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
To test, create a
folder that is bigger than 250MB on the drive you selected, and go
to:</div>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Event Viewer</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Drop down to <b>Windows Logs</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Application </b>and you
will see a <b>Warning</b> generated</div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771092(WS.10).aspx"><b>File
Server Resource Manager Step-by-Step Guide for Windows Server 2008</b></a></div>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
File Screening</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You might want to be notified if a user
stores a file with a certain file type on the organization’s
system. You might want to block certain file types, such as photos
and mp3s, from being loaded onto the volume.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We can configure file screening to
generate notifications when this occurs.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
File screening provides a method that
is flexible and controls the types of files saved on company servers.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <b>File Screening Management </b>node
allows:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Creation of file screens for a
given path</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Defines file screen templates</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Creates file screen exceptions</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Creates file groups</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Note: if the file extension is
renamed, it can possibly circumvent the file screening since file
screening centers on the file extension.</i></div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
File Groups</h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A <strong>file group</strong> is a namespace for a file
screen. It is a collection of files for a particular group.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
There are default groups or we can
create our own.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A file group is a set of file name
patterns, grouped into files to include or files to exclude.</div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
File Screen Exception</h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A file screen exception overrides any
file screen that would otherwise apply to a folder and all its
subfolders in a designated exception path.</div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
File Screen Template</h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A file screen template allows us to
centrally manage different file types to block and the type of screen
to perform and the notifications to be generated.</div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
Demo – Implement File Screening</h5>
<br />
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
File Server Resource Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Drop down to <b>File Screening
Management</b> node.
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Underneath, you have the <b>File
Screen Templates. </b>But, let’s go to <b>File Screens.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click and <b>Create File
Screen</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to <b>Derive properties from
this file screen template (recommended): </b>and choose <b>Block
Audio and Video Files</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to the <b>File screen path: </b>and
<b>Browse </b>to select the folder the file screen applies to.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Create</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click <b>File Screens </b>and
select <b>Edit File Screen Properties...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Go to the <b>Report </b>tab and
check the <b>Generate reports </b>box. Select <b>File Screening
Audit</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Let’s say we need to allow <b>WMA
</b>files in that folder. We need to allow a file screen exception.
Right-click <b>File Screens </b>and select <b>Create File Screen
Exception...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the <b>Create File Screen
Exception </b>dialog box, under <b>Select file groups to exclude
from screening:, </b>check off <b>Audio and Video Files </b>and then
click on the <b>Edit... </b>button.
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Then add <b>Files to exclude:
*.wma </b>and click the <b>Add</b> button</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
<h4 class="western">
Managing Storage Reports</h4>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Storage reports provide information
about the file usage on a file server. The reports help to identify
trends in disk usage and to monitor attempts to save unauthorized
files by users.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>FSRM</strong> types of storage reports can show
the following:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Large files</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Files by owner</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Files by file group</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Duplicate files</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Least recently used files</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Most recently used files</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Quota usage</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
File screening audit</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
What is a Report Task?</h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You may schedule reports by creating a
<strong>Report Task</strong>:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Volumes and folders</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The report to generate</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Parameters to use</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
How often to generate the report</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The file format to save the report
in</div>
</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
On-Demand Reports</h5>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Use the <b>Generate Reports Now</b>
action to open <strong>Storage Reports Task</strong> Properties and select the desired
reports.</div>
<br />
<h5 class="western">
Tools to configure FSRM:</h5>
<br />
<table border="1" bordercolor="#000001" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" style="width: 638px;">
<colgroup><col width="304"></col>
<col width="304"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="304"><b>Tool</b></td>
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="304"><b>Description</b></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>Dirquota.exe</b></td>
<td width="304">Create and manage quotas and quota templates</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>FileScrn.exe</b></td>
<td width="304">Create and manage file screens, file-screening exceptions, and
file groups</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>StorRept.exe</b></td>
<td width="304">Configure report parameters and generate storage reports on
demand. Yo can create report tasks and use <b>Schtasks.exe</b> to
schedule the reports.</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304"><b>Fsutil</b></td>
<td width="304">Configure <b>NTFS </b>Quotas and create files to test quota
behavior.</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vtGoSSxKcbQ/TyQpYapahOI/AAAAAAAAA6w/mAz3Y5kASkg/s1600/Custom_reports_Icon_256.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vtGoSSxKcbQ/TyQpYapahOI/AAAAAAAAA6w/mAz3Y5kASkg/s200/Custom_reports_Icon_256.png" width="200" /></a></div>
<h5 class="western">
Demo – Generate a report</h5>
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
File Server Resource Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Drop down to <b>File Screening
Management</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Highlight <b>Storage Reports
Management</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click and select:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Schedule a New Report Task...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Add or Remove Reports for a
Report Task...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Generate Reports Now...</b></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Generate Reports Now...</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Check off <b>Files by Owner</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click the <b>Add </b>button to
<b>Browse For Folder </b>and select a folder</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Under <b>Report formats, </b>click<b> </b>the <b>DHTML</b> box</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <b>Generate Storage Reports
</b>dialog box appears and you have two options:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Wait for reports to be
generated and then display them</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Generate reports in the
background</b></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We will choose the first option
and click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A <b>Generating Storage Reports
</b>dialog box displays</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Internet Explorer </b>launches
and we see the report by owner and we can click a specific owner to
see the activity</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You can also select a <b>Delivery
</b>and <b>Schedule </b>for the reports by selecting the appropriate
tabs</div>
</li>
</ol>
<a href="http://blogs.technet.com/b/josebda/archive/2008/08/20/the-basics-of-windows-server-2008-fsrm-file-server-resource-manager.aspx" target="_blank">The Basics of Windows Server 2008 FSRM (File Server Resource Manager)</a><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-17971093546072833602012-02-06T22:34:00.000-05:002012-08-22T21:51:54.379-04:00Network File and Print Services<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Exquisite-folder_document_vip.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Exquisite-folder_document_vip.png" width="200" /></a></div>
<em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Configuring and Troubleshooting File Shares </span></em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><strong>What is a File Share?</strong></em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
A file share is a folder that has been configured so that it can be accessed over a network.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
In Windows Server 2008, to configure a file share, install the <b>File Service server role</b>. The File Service server role automatically configures Windows Firewall to allow file sharing.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc730983(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">File Services Role</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Windows Server 2008 has a new tool called <b>Share and Storage Management</b> that is used to create and configure file shares. To do this, you can also use the Computer Management tool that is available in previous versions of Windows Server and the command line tool, <strong><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/net_use.mspx?mfr=true" target="_blank">Net use</a>.</strong></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<strong><br /></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<strong><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731574.aspx" target="_blank">Share and Storage Management</a></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<strong><em>File Share Permissions</em></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The advanced file sharing properties allows you to configure <b>share permissions</b> without affecting NTFS permissions.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Full Control</b></li>
<li><b>Change</b></li>
<li><b>Read</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
When configuring a file share, additional options are available. You can configure multiple share names and configure caching options.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<strong><em>What are NTFS permissions?</em></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
NTFS permissions control which users and groups access and modify files on NTFS partitions. NTFS permissions are more flexible than share permissions because they can be assigned individually to each file and folder.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
In order to modify NTFS permissions, you must be assigned Full Control NTFS permissions for a file or folder. An exception is the owner of the file or folder. Owners can modify NTFS permissions as well as Administrators.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Basic NTFS permissions:</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Full Control.</b> Allows all permissions including the ability to modify NTFS permissions and take ownership.</li>
<li><b>Modify.</b> Allows file and folder modifications except NTFS permissions and taking ownership.</li>
<li><b>Read</b> <b>and Execute</b>. Allows the execution of a file and the listing of folder contents.</li>
<li><b>List Folder Contents</b>. Allows the contents of folders to be listed.</li>
<li><b>Read</b>. Allows the listing of file contents and attributes.</li>
<li><b>Write</b>. Allows modification of file contents and attributes, except for NTFS permissions and ownership. Deletion of a folder is not allowed. For a folder, new files in the folder can be created.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>The two types of NTFS permissions are basic and advanced</i>. Basic permissions are more commonly used as advanced permissions are complex to manage because they allow detailed control over files and folders.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770962(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Manage Permissions</a></div>
<div style="font-size: medium; margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="font-size: medium; text-align: left;"></ol>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<strong><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Troubleshoot Network File Access Permissions</span></em></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
If a client computer is connected to the network properly, most network file access problems are more than likely related to permissions.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The first step in troubleshooting should be to check the effective NTFS permissions. In the majority of cases, the group permissions are correct. Make sure the user is assigned to the correct group.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Pay attention to the fact that the deny permission overrides the allow permissions. For example, if the group is denied the Modify permission and a user is denied the Modify NTFS permission, the user will be denied access.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
If the effective NTFS permissions are correct, then check the Share permissions. If a group is assigned the Read Share permission and the Modify NTFS permission, then the group members will only be allowed the Read permission. Share permissions can cause a problem, even if the NTFS permissions are correct.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
To get around the potential share problems, many organizations assign the Everyone group Full Control share permission. This way, file access is controlled by NTFS permissions. Some administrators use the Authenticated Users group to assign permissions instead of the Everyone group. This performs the same way, unless the Guest account is enabled, as the Guest account is in the Everyone group but not the Authenticated Users group.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<strong><em><span style="font-size: large;">What is Access-Based Enumeration?</span></em></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Access-Based Enumeration, included in Windows Server 2008, and can be enabled by the using <b>Share and Storage Management </b>administrative tool. This snap-in is <i>available after a folder or volume has been shared</i>. Share and Storage Management can be accessed in the <b>File Services </b>server role in<b> Server Manager,</b> and in <b>Administrative Tools</b>. You can<i> install it manually in Server Manager by adding the File Server role to File Services.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Farm-Fresh_folders_explorer.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Farm-Fresh_folders_explorer.png" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731574.aspx" target="_blank">Share and Storage Management</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd772681(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Access-based Enumeration</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Access-Based Enumeration allows a user to see only the files and folders they have permission to access. The user has to have at least a Read or equivalent permission to see the folder. The feature is only active for viewing files and folders in shared folders. The feature is not active when viewing files and folders on the local system.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Access-Based Enumeration is enabled by default on shared folders in Windows Explorer.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Access-Based Enumeration is not enabled by default for the following types of shared folders:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Shared folders created with <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731574.aspx" target="_blank">Share and Storage Management</a>, Advanced Sharing in Windows Explorer, or the <b>net share</b> command.</li>
<li>Volumes</li>
<li>Folders or Volumes shared for Administrative purposes, like C$ and Admin$.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Two ways to <i>enable and disable </i>access-based enumeration when using Share and Storage Management:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Share a volume or folder by using the</b> <b>Provision a Shared Folder Wizard. </b>Select the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block" target="_blank">SMB</a>, Server Message Block, protocol on the <b>Share Protocols</b> page. On the SMB page, the <b>Advanced settings </b>option include an option to enable access-based enumeration on the shared volume or folder. (Click <b>Advanced</b> on the SMB settings page of the wizard)</li>
<li><b>Change the properties of an existing shared folder or volume</b>. Go to the <b>Shares</b> tab of <b>Share and Storage Management. </b>Click the shared folder or volume, then click <b>Properties</b> in the <b>Action </b>pane. Click <b>Advanced settings </b>to see whether access-based enumeration is enabled. Click <b>Advanced. </b>Select or clear the <b>Enabled access-based enumeration </b>check box.</li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd772681(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Access-based Enumeration</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd919212(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Enable Access-Based Enumeration on a Namespace</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">File Access Enhancements in Windows Server 2008</span></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SMB 2.0 was introduced in Windows Server 2008 and used in Windows Vista. SMB 2.1 was introduced in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2.</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Server Message Block (SMB) Version 2 Protocol is an extension of the original Server Message Block (SMB) Protocol. SMB is used by client computers to request file and print services from a server system over the network. Both are stateful protocols in which clients establish a connection to a server, establish an authenticated context on that connection, and then issue a variety of requests to access files, printers, and named pipes for interprocess communication.</span></blockquote>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SMB 2.0:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Performs considerably better over slow networks due to a reduced number of packets</li>
<li>Combines multiple commands into a single request</li>
<li>Allows larger reads and writes to make better use of faster networks</li>
<li>File and folder caching</li>
<li>Transparently reconnect to the network in case of a temporary disconnection (good for wireless connections)</li>
<li>Increased scalability for file sharing</li>
<li>Support for symbolic links</li>
<li>Improved message signing <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;">(HMAC SHA-256 replaces MD5 as hashing algorithm).</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
SMB 2.1: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block" target="_blank">Server Message Block</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Silent oplock (opportunistic locks) leasing allows client computers to cache data and file handles, and to lock a file when possible over a wider range of scenarios, while limiting the amount of data that needs to transferred between the client and server, thus reducing network traffic.</li>
<ul>
<li>Results in reduced network bandwidth consumption</li>
<li>Increased file server scalability</li>
<li>Better response time for applications when accessing files over the network</li>
</ul>
<li>Large MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) support. The MTU size has been increased from 64 KB to 1 MB that can be transferred in a single packet, thus increasing the speed of 10-gigabyte Ethernet (very high speed, low latency) networks</li>
<ul>
<li>Enable this option in the registry of the SMB client computers</li>
</ul>
<li>Improved energy efficiency for client computers</li>
<li>Better support for sleep modes</li>
<ul>
<li>A wider range of sleep modes when data integrity is not effected. Previous to Windows Vista, an SMB client computer with files open on an SMB server would be unable to enter sleep mode.</li>
</ul>
<li>Previous versions of SMB supported</li>
</ul>
SMB signing provides integrity by verifying files are not modified in transit. <span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">It does not provide encryption.</span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>note: Opportunistic locking has existed for many years in NTFS. SMB 2.1 brings significant improvements.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>note: There is one registry setting and two Group Policy settings for SMB. Check the link below for the details:</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff625695(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">What's New in SMB</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Encrypting Network Files with EFS</span></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Encrypting File System (EFS) is a tool for encrypting NTFS files and folders transparently on client computers and remote file servers. EFS uses advanced standard cryptographic algorithms and is <i>built into</i> the Windows file systems. EFS as introduced in Windows 2000. </div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
EFS was designed to protect an individual user's data.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
Use EFS to protect a user's files on their local hard drive. But using EFS to protect a user's files that are stored in a shared folder is only recommended if that user will access the share.</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: left;">
EFS protects files from unauthorized users and malicious attacks from external sources and acts as an <i>additional layer of security</i> for NTFS files. Even if a user has the proper NTFS permissions to access a file, if the file is encrypted, the user will not be able to access the file unless authorized to decrypt the file.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
When a file is encrypted, it can only be accessed by an authorized user.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
EFS requires no configuration. <i>EFS automatically generates a user certificate with a key pair</i> for the user if one doesn't exist. Using a Certification Authority (CA) to issue user certificates is the preferred way to manage the certificates. If you are not using certificates from a CA and you want EFS to be used on a file share, then you must use the file server computer to be trusted for delegation. Domain controllers are trusted by default.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
To disable EFS on client computers, you can use Group Policy. In the properties of the policy:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Computer Configuration\Policies\Windows Settings\Security Settings\Public Key Policies\Encrypting Files System, select <b>Don't allow</b>.<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"> </span></span></blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
EFS uses a combination of public-key and symmetric-key encryption. A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric-key_algorithm" target="_blank">symmetric-key</a> is used to encrypt the file and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography" target="_blank">public-key encryption</a> is used to protect the symmetric-key.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Symmetric encryption uses the same key to encrypt the file and decrypt the file. Even though this type of encryption is faster and stronger than public-key encryption, the key requires additional security because of the difficulty in securing the key during a network transfer. EFS uses public-key encryption to protect the symmetric key. Each user certificate has a public key and a private key to encrypt the symmetric key. Only the user that has the certificate with the private key can decrypt the symmetric key. This method is sometimes called an asymmetric algorithm.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
In the event that keys or certificates are lost, administrators should plan for recovery:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Backup user certificates.</b> Export with the private key to a secure location in case of a system failure. Make the recovery key portable because it must be in the recovery agent's profile.</li>
<li><b>Configure a recovery agent.</b> A recovery agent is an individual that is authorized to decrypt all EFS encrypted files. Once a recovery agent is added in Group Policy, all newly encrypted files will be updated. To update the recover agent on previously encrypted files, the file must be accessed and saved. You can also force the update by using the cipher command.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/B005ONHY34/ref=r_soa_w_d" target="_blank">The Precision Guide to Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration: MCTS Exam 70-642 Study Guide</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc749610(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Encrypting File System</a></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc962028.aspx" target="_blank">Encryption</a></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/223316" target="_blank">Best practices for the Encrypting File System</a></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Encrypting Partitions with BitLocker</span></i></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Computer.svg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Computer.svg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
BitLocker is a feature available in Windows Server 2008 and in some versions of Windows 7 that encrypts data and provides data protection transparently for hard drive partitions. </div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
BitLocker encrypts entire hard drives, and it is ideal for protecting data on mobile computers and servers that may be exposed to physical attack. </blockquote>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>BitLocker Advantages:</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Data protection for lost or stolen computers. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>BitLocker helps to make data inaccessible. When a computer is lost or stolen, the hard drive is vulnerable to unauthorized access. When BitLocker is used the local administrator account password cannot be reset by using boot utilities.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Computer drive decommissioning.</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Data on a BitLocker drive cannot be accessed by mounting it on another drive.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>System integrity verification. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>BitLocker can be used with Trusted Platform Module (TPM) to make sure the drive is mounted on the original computer and offers the option of locking the normal start-up process until the user provides a PIN or removable startup device containing the startup key.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Safe shipping on pre-configured servers.</b></li>
<ul>
<li>The same system integrity verification used, as above.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>BitLocker Requirements:</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>TPM version 1.2. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>BitLocker provides the most protection when used with TPM version 1.2. TPM is a chip on a computer system board for storing encryption keys and certificates. TPM works with BitLocker to make sure a computer has not been tampered with when it is offline. If your computer does not have TPM, BitLocker requires you to have a start-up key on a removable device like a USB flash drive.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Trusted Computing Group (TCG)-compliant BIOS for computers with TPM. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>The BIOS establishes a chain of support for pre-operating system startup.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Support for Mass Storage Device Class.</b></li>
<ul>
<li>The BIOS for TPM and non-TPM computers must support the USB mass storage device class. <a href="http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs#approved/" target="_blank">Approved Class Specification Documents</a></li>
</ul>
<li><b>Two partitions.</b></li>
<ul>
<li>The server must have two partitions (<i>note: Windows Server 2008 R2 automatically creates this type of partition during installation unless the installation is unattended and requires different instructions). BitLocker must be enabled by using the BitLocker setup wizard. The BitLocker setup wizard is accessed by accessing Control Panel or right-clicking the drive in Windows Explorer.</i></li>
<ul>
<li><b>System</b> (boot files) - Bitocker is not enabled on this drive. The system files are needed to load Windows after the BIOS has prepared the system hardware.</li>
<li><b>Boot</b> (operating system files) </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd835565(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">BitLocker Drive Encryption Step-by-Step Guide for Windows 7</a></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc500474.aspx" target="_blank"> Data Encryption Toolkit for Mobile PCs</a></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/B005ONHY34/ref=r_soa_w_d" target="_blank">The Precision Guide to Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration: MCTS Exam 70-642 Study Guide</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Microsoft_Windows_7_wordmark.svg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="34" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Microsoft_Windows_7_wordmark.svg" width="200" /></a><b><i>How BitLocker Works:</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Several keys are used to protect the drives BitLocker is enabled on:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>(FVEK) Full Volume Encryption Key.</b> The key is created and used to protect the partition after the partition is installed and does not change. It would take too long to recreate it the partition. The key is stored in the <a href="http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/file/ntfs/archFiles-c.html" target="_blank">metadata</a> in the encrypted partition.</li>
<li><b>(VMK) Volume Master Key. </b>The FVEK is encrypted with the VMK which is required during startup to decrypt the volume so Windows can start. The VMK is encrypted by a key stored in the TPM and a copy of the VMK is stored in the System (boot files) partition. If the computer does not have a TPM, the VMK encryption key can be stored on removable media.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>How to Recover BitLocker Encrypted Drives:</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
When you enable BitLocker, a 256-bit recovery-key and a 48-bit recovery password are generated. Either the recovery key or the recovery password can be used to decrypt the drive. After enabling BitLocker, the options are:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><i style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Print the recovery password key</i></li>
<li><i style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Save the recovery password to a file</i></li>
<li><i style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Save the recovery password key and the recovery password to a USB flash drive</i></li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;"><i>BitLocker can use Active Directory to store recovery keys</i>.</span> Use <b>Group Policy</b> to enable the option. The <i>recovery password for BitLocker is stored in the computer account <b>properties</b></i><b>.</b> To retrieve the recovery password from <b>Active Directory</b>, use the <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=24626" target="_blank">BitLocker Recovery Password Viewer </a>(downloadable from the Microsoft website and integrated into <b>Users and Computers</b>)</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
BitLocker encrypted drives become inaccessible if:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>The <b>TPM</b> in a computer fails.</li>
<li>The computer drives are moved to a different computer.</li>
<li>The removable media containing the <b>FVEK</b> is lost.</li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>To recover an encrypted operating system drive, you must use the Recovery Console. </i>Provide the recovery key on the USB flash drive or type the recovery password using the function keys. For example, F1 is number 1.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Another option to recover BitLocker encrypted drives is the <b>BitLocker Recovery Agent</b> which has to be <i>configured in the <b>Group Policy</b></i><b> </b>settings for <b>BitLocker Drive Encryption.</b> A BitLocker Recovery Agent has a certificate to access encrypted drives. Configure the BitLocker Recovery Agent by importing the certificate of the Recovery Agent into a Group Policy object. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731549(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">BitLocker Drive Encryption</a></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><i>Configuring and Troubleshooting a Network Printer</i></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>Windows Server 2008 can be configured as a print server.</i> Client computers submit jobs to the print server for delivery to a printer that is connected to the network.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>Benefits of a Network Printer</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Centralized management. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Print drivers installed centrally on the print server and distributed to workstations.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Simplified Troubleshooting.</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Easier to troubleshoot whether the print problem is located on the server, printer, or client computer based on where the jobs are queued.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Lower cost.</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Initially, the print server will be more than a local printer, but the cost is spread over all the computers that connect to a printer.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Listed in Active Directory.</b></li>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Printer_ML2571N.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Printer_ML2571N.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<ul>
<li>Allows users to search for printers.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>Security Options in Network Printing</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i>The default security for a network printer in Windows Server 2008 is everyone can print and manage their own print jobs.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The permissions available for shared printing:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Print. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>The Everyone group is assigned this permission by default.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Manage this printer. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>This permission allows users to manage printer settings and update drivers. Administrators, Server Operators, and Print Operators are assigned this permission by default.</li>
</ul>
<li><b>Manage documents. </b></li>
<ul>
<li>Allows users to modify and delete documents in the queue. This permission is assigned to CREATOR OWNER, anyone that creates the print job can manage the print job. Administrators, Server Operators, and Print Operators have this permission for all print jobs.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>What is Printer Pooling?</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
A print pool allows one logical printer connected to multiple physical printers through multiple ports of a print server. To client computers, the printer pool appears to be a single logical printer.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
A printer that is idle receives the next document sent to the logical printer. The logical printer checks for an available port.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
A printer pool is configured on a server by specifying multiple ports for a printer. Each port if for a printer. Usually, the ports are an IP address on the network, instead of Line Printer Terminal (LPT) port.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The printers must use the same driver and must accept print jobs in the same format. The printers should be located close to each other. Users must check all printers in the print pool for the print document because there is no way for them to know which printer generated the document.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://www.techotopia.com/index.php/Managing_Windows_Server_2008_Print_Services#Printer_Pooling_Configuration" target="_blank">Printer Pooling Configuration </a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i>Deploying Printers</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Group Policy Preferences</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Deploy shared printers to Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 clients. Associate the printer to the user or computer account, or by group. (<i>note: for Windows XP, you must install Group Policy Preference Client Extension)</i></li>
</ul>
<li><b>Group Policy objects created by Print Management</b></li>
<ul>
<li><b>The Print Management Administrative tool</b> can add printers to a Group Policy for distribution to client computers based on user or computer account. (<i>note: for Windows XP, the computers must be configured to run pushprinterconnections.exe)</i></li>
</ul>
<li><b>Manual Installation</b></li>
<ul>
<li>Users can manually add printers by browsing the network or using the <b>Add Printer Wizard</b>. This is not an efficient method for installing printers because the printer is available only to the user that installed the printer. If the printer is shared with other users, each user must install the printer.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Print services </b>is a server role that can be installed using the <b>Add Roles Wizard</b> in <b>Server Manager</b>.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
There are two optional role services:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>LDP Service</b>. The LDP Service is designed to work with UNIX-based computers for printer sharing.</li>
<li><b>Internet Printing</b>. Internet Printing creates a web site for users to manage print jobs through the browser.</li>
</ol>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
After installing a printer on the server, you can access <b>Print Manager </b>in <b>Administrative Tools</b>. Use Printer Manager to manage printers and print servers:</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Configure shared printers</li>
<li>Manage the print queue</li>
<li>Publish the share in <b>Active Directory</b> to enable users to locate the nearest printer</li>
<li>Install additional drivers for every platform to assist users in connecting to the printer</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
To configure a computer to print to a shared printer from behind a firewall that only allows web connections: http://MyServer/Printers/MyPrinter/.printer<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732378(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Print Services Role</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc753109(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Print Management Step-by-Step Guide</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<em><strong><span style="color: #cc0000;">Question:</span> <span style="color: #cc0000;">How to migrate an old print server to a new computer deployed as a printer server that is running Windows Server 2008 R2?</span></strong></em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><strong>Answer:</strong></span> </span></em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><em><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Configure the old printer server to stop accepting print jobs.</span></em></li>
<li><em><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Let all queued jobs on the old printer server complete.</span></em></li>
<li><em><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Use Print Manager to export the original print server. This launches the Printer Migration Wizard. The Printer Migration Wizard exports the following from the old print server:</span></em></li>
<ul>
<li><em><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Print queues</span></em></li>
<li><em><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Printer Settings</span></em></li>
<li><em><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Printer Ports</span></em></li>
<li><em><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Language monitors</span></em></li>
</ul>
<li><em><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Use Print Manager to import the information into the new print server and configure.</span></em></li>
<li><em><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Shut down the old print server.</span></em></li>
</ol>
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<em><strong>note: </strong>You could use <strong>printbrm.exe</strong> command to migrate print server configuration information.</em></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><b><span style="color: #cc0000;">Question:</span></b> <span style="color: #cc0000;">You have a network with two sites: Site1 and Site2. You have a print server running Windows Server 2008 in Site2. Some users in Site2 report they are unable to connect to some network printers in Site2. You figured out <strong>you need to configure the print server with drivers for all the network printers in Site2. How should you do this?</strong> Your administrative workstation is running Windows Vista and is located in Site1.</span></i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><strong>Answer:</strong></span> Use <strong>Remote Desktop to connect to the print server</strong>. Then, use <strong>Print Management</strong> <strong>to search for network printers.</strong> When you add a printer using Print Management, you can select to search for network printers. Print Management will configure the printers it finds. If the driver is not installed, you will be prompted to install the driver.</span></i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i><span style="color: #3d85c6;">You cannot use Print Management to connect to the print server and then search for network printers because the printer server is located in Site2. You cannot connect to a computer on a different subnet using Print Management. You must first connect to the remote computer using Remote Desktop.</span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="color: #cc0000;"><strong>Question: </strong>You need to configure Windows Server 2008 R2 to <strong>send you an email when a printer on your network has a problem.</strong></span></i><br />
<br />
<em><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><strong>Answer:</strong> Use <strong>Print Management to create a print filter</strong>. Filters display only the printers that meet certain criteria. You could set up the filter to trigger an email if certain error conditions or met, or it the status of the print server does not equal Ready.</span></em><br />
<i><span style="color: #3d85c6;"></span></i></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="color: #cc0000;"></span></i><br />
<i></i><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<i>
</i>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span></b> </div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-52500358200228354582012-01-27T22:30:00.001-05:002012-07-24T14:45:05.039-04:00Configure and Manage Distributed File System (DFS)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ln_3xmHXo0o/TqiSVXd8iyI/AAAAAAAAA3k/mj0af2NA6qU/s1600/17014895832_zSLWR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ln_3xmHXo0o/TqiSVXd8iyI/AAAAAAAAA3k/mj0af2NA6qU/s1600/17014895832_zSLWR.jpg" /></a>If you have multiple file servers
deployed, how do you connect to the file servers? <br />
<br />
<strong>DFS</strong> is a service that connects file shares together into a single namespace. The files can reside on different computers and provides client access to the files in a transparent manner.<br />
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
According to <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Windows%C2%AE-Internals-Including-Windows-Developer/dp/0735625301" target="_blank">Windows® Internals: Including Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, Fifth Edition</a>:</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">The server side implementation of DFS consists of a Windows service (\%SystemRoot%\System32\Dfssvc.exe) and a device driver (\%SystemRoot%\System32\Drivers\Dfs.sys). The DFS service is responsible for exporting DFS topology-management interfaces and maintaining the DFS topology in either the registry (on non-Active Directory systems) or Active Directory. The DFS driver performs topology lookups when it receives a client request so that it can direct the client to the system where the file it is requesting resides.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">On the client side, DFS support is implemented in another device driver (%SystemRoot%\System32\Drivers\Dfsc.sys) and uses the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block" target="_blank">SMB</a> redirector for its internal communication with DFS servers. The DFS client provider is implemented in \%SystemRoot\System32\Ntlanman.dll. When a client issues a file I/O request that specifies a file in the DFS namespace, the DFS client driver communicates with the target file server by using the appropriate redirector. </span></blockquote>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
DFS Technologies:</span></h3>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">DFS Namespaces (DFS-N)</span><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">.</span> </b>Provides
the ability to group together shared folders located on different
servers and present them as a virtual tree of folders known as a
namespace. Users only need to know the virtual namespace name to access the shared folder structure. The root of a DFS namespace must be a file share defined on a Windows server.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">DFS Replication (DFS-R)</span><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">.</span> </b>Optimized
for <strong>Windows Server 2008</strong> to provide multi-master replication and is useful for WANs and branch offices (enables any server to perform replication activity). <strong>DFS</strong> provides
high-availability and fault-tolerant files and folders. The main job of DFSR is to replicate the contents of any DFS share, along with the domain controller's \SYSVOL directory. <i>SYSVOL is where the domain controller's store logon scripts and Group Policy files.</i></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Remote Differential Compression
(RDC).</span> </b>Uses delta-based replication that identifies data insertions, removals, and rearrangements
across files and transmits these changes over the network. This
achieves significant bandwidth savings over limited-bandwidth
networks. RDC is only used on files that are 64 KB and larger, by default.</div>
</li>
</ol>
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</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
How does the DFS Namespace and DFS Replication
Work?</span></h3>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XboqyXfkOqs/Tm1UlWA888I/AAAAAAAAAsk/OoEsGpMu0Fs/s1600/dreamstime_xs_17367320.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XboqyXfkOqs/Tm1UlWA888I/AAAAAAAAAsk/OoEsGpMu0Fs/s200/dreamstime_xs_17367320.jpg" width="200" /></a>The user types in a <a href="http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Uniform+Naming+Convention" target="_blank">UNC</a> that
targets a namespace server and receives a referral that is
transparent to the end user.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The client computer will cache the
referral. The referral contains a list of folder targets of physical
servers that hosts the resources. The client computer will contact
the first server listed in the referral. Typically, the first server
will be in the same <strong>Active Directory</strong> site as the user’s computer.
If the server is not in the same <strong>Active Directory</strong> site as the user’s
computer, the client will go over the WAN using the cached referrals until it
finds the folder target that matches the information they are
looking for.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>DFS Replication</strong>. If the target
folder is on a server that the user is unable to connect to, then<br />
the replication server will be in the list as a folder target.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee307957(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, serif;">What's New in Distributed File System</span></a></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Windows%C2%AE-Internals-Including-Windows-Developer/dp/0735625301" target="_blank">Windows® Internals: Including Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, Fifth Edition</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732863(WS.10).aspx">DFS
Step-by-Step Guide for Windows Server 2008</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc773238(WS.10).aspx">DFS
Replication: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://66.14.166.45/whitepapers/netforensics/dfs/Distributed%20File%20System%20Frequently%20Asked%20Questions.pdf">Distributed File System Frequently Asked Questions</a></b></span></span></div>
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</h3>
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</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
DFS Namespace Types</span></h3>
<table border="1" bordercolor="#000001" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" style="width: 638px;">
<colgroup><col width="198"></col>
<col width="199"></col>
<col width="198"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#b8cce4" width="198">Characteristic</td>
<td bgcolor="#b8cce4" width="199">Domain-based</td>
<td bgcolor="#b8cce4" width="198">Stand-alone</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="198">Path</td>
<td width="199"><a href="file://domainname/Namespace">\\Domainname\Namespace</a></td>
<td width="198"><a href="file://servername/Namespace">\\Servername\Namespace</a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="198">Location</td>
<td width="199"><strong>Active Directory</strong> and memory cache</td>
<td width="198">Server registry and memory cache</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="198">Size</td>
<td width="199"><ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Up to 5,000 folders with
targets in Windows 2000 Server mode</div>
</li>
<li>Up to 50,000 folders with targets in Windows Server 2008
mode<br />
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td width="198">Up to 50,000 folders with targets</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="198">Availability</td>
<td width="199">Namespace hosted on multiple servers</td>
<td width="198">Failover cluster</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="198">DFS Replication</td>
<td width="199">Supported</td>
<td width="198">Supported</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
<em>Stand-alone</em> can be used if there is <em>no</em>
<strong>Active Directory</strong>.<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Domain-based</i> can be useful if you wish
to hide the name of the namespace server from the users.<br />
<br />
<i>Domain-based</i>
provides high-availability because the namespace is hosted on
multiple servers.<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Both stand-alone and domain-based
namespace support replication.</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">If you upgrade the domain functional level to Windows Server 2008 while there are existing domain-based namespaces, DFS Management will allow you to enable <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc784710(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">access-based enumeration</a> on these namespaces. However, you will not be able to edit permissions to hide folders from any groups or users unless you migrate the namespaces to the Windows Server 2008 mode. For more information, see <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc753875.aspx" id="ctl00_MTCS_main_ctl04" target="_blank">Migrate a Domain-based Namespace to Windows Server 2008 Mode</a>.<br />
</span></blockquote>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd759150.aspx" target="_blank">Enable Access-Based Enumeration on a Namespace</a><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770287.aspx">Choose
a Namespace Type</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732006.aspx">DFS
Management</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754770.aspx">Delegate
Management Permissions for DFS Namespaces</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc778055(WS.10).aspx">Security
requirements for creating and managing namespaces</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732807.aspx">Add
Namespace Servers to a Domain-based DFS Namespace</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771083.aspx">Tuning
DFS Namespaces</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OMdW-e2T9nU/Tm1iDUzObDI/AAAAAAAAAtE/ZXt3ByhyQpA/s1600/dreamstime_xs_20623203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OMdW-e2T9nU/Tm1iDUzObDI/AAAAAAAAAtE/ZXt3ByhyQpA/s200/dreamstime_xs_20623203.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div>
</div>
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</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
What are Folders and Folder Targets?</span></h3>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Folder. </b>A folder in DFS is the
primary element of a namespace. It allows us to build the namespace
hierarchy.
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Folder Target. </b>A folder target
is a UNC (Universal Naming Convention) that points to a shared
folder, a folder within a shared folder, or a path to another
namespace.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc782648(WS.10).aspx">Staging
folders and Conflict and Deleted folders</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/gg690154.aspx">Microsoft
Windows: Make the Move to DFS</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754227.aspx">Create
a Diagnostic Report for DFS Replication</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Namespace Server Requirements</span></h3>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Namespace Server:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Domain controller or member server</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>Windows Server 2003</strong> or <strong>Windows
Server 2008</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
An <strong>NTFS</strong> volume required to host
the namespace</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Must be in the same domain if the
namespace is domain-based</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If the namespace is domain-based,
it cannot be a clustered resource</div>
</li>
</ul>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://blogs.technet.com/photos/filecab/images/3055247/640x461.aspx" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="459" src="http://blogs.technet.com/photos/filecab/images/3055247/640x461.aspx" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://blogs.technet.com/photos/filecab/images/3055247/640x461.aspx">http://blogs.technet.com/photos/filecab/images/3055247/640x461.aspx</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
Demo – Install DFS</h3>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><h3 class="western">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools |
Server Manager</b></h3>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Roles</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>File Services </b>and
right-click</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Add Role Services</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Distributed File System</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Create a namespace later
using the DFS Management snap-in in Server Manager</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Install</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Close</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Close <b>Server Manager</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">
</h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sCXORL8RuBU/TxZDYjtqdSI/AAAAAAAAA6M/Gh2WgMOUzFg/s1600/dreamstime_xs_22171019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sCXORL8RuBU/TxZDYjtqdSI/AAAAAAAAA6M/Gh2WgMOUzFg/s200/dreamstime_xs_22171019.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<h2 class="western">
</h2>
<h2 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></h2>
<h2 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Configure and Deploy DFS Namespaces</span></h2>
<h3 class="western">
Configure a namespace for publishing content:</h3>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Create a namespace</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Create a folder in the namespace</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Add folder targets (multiple
folder targets increases the fault tolerance of the file system)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732414.aspx" target="_blank">Set the Ordering Method for Targets in Referrals</a></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Optional: Set the target priority
to override referral ordering</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Optional: Enable client failback
(in case the target has failed and is subject to a restore)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Replicate folder targets using
<strong>DFS-R</strong></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i>Note: You may need to delegate the
ability to create and manage namespaces.</i></div>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Security Requirements for Creating and Managing a
Namespace</span></h3>
<table border="1" bordercolor="#000001" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" style="width: 638px;">
<colgroup><col width="304"></col>
<col width="304"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="304">Task</td>
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="304">Group</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304">Create a domain-based namespace</td>
<td width="304">Domain Admins</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304">Add a namespace server to a domain-based namespace</td>
<td width="304">Domain Admins</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304">Manage a domain-based namespace</td>
<td width="304">Local Admin on each namespace server</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304">Create a stand-alone namespace</td>
<td width="304">Local Admin group on the namespace server</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304">Manage stand-alone namespace</td>
<td width="304">Local Admin group on the namespace server</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="304">Implement DFS replication</td>
<td width="304">Domain Admins</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div>
</div>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<div class="western">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
Demo – Create Namespaces</h3>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools | DFS
Management </b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click <b>Namespaces </b>and
select <b>New Namespace…</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Namespace Server </b>dialog
box, type the name of the server that will host the namespace. In this
demo, we will call it <b>nyc-dc1.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Namespace Name and Settings
</b>dialog box, type the name of the namespace. In this demo, we will
call it <b>ProjectDocu </b>and click <b>Edit Settings </b>to indicate
permissions.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Edit Settings </b>page,
indicate the user permissions desired. Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Namespace Type </b>dialog
box, indicate whether the namspace will be Domain-based or
Stand-alone namespace. In this example, we will use a <b>Stand-alone
namespace </b>which will be stored on a single namespace server.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Review Settings and Create
Namespace.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Create.</b> (Errors will be
located on the <b>Errors </b>tab)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Close.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Now you will see <a href="file://nyc-dc1/ProjectDocu"><b>\\NYC-DC1\ProjectDocu</b></a><b>
</b>located underneath <b>Namespaces.</b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771575(WS.10).aspx">Prepare
to Deploy DFS Namespaces</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc783398(WS.10).aspx">Deploy
a namespace for publishing content</a></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771424.aspx"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Deploying
DFS Namespaces</b></span></span></a></div>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<div class="western">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Increase Availability of a Namespace</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Domain-based</b>. Specify
additional namespace servers.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Stand-alone</b>. Create a
stand-alone namespace as a cluster resource.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Folders</b>. Specify additional
folder targets and replicate folders using <strong>DFS Replication</strong>.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
Configure Folder Targets</h3>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Start | Administrative Tools | DFS
Management</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Namespaces </b>and highlight
<a href="file://nyc-dc1/ProjectDocu"><b>\\NYC-DC1\ProjectDocu</b></a><b>
</b>that we created in the previous demo.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click and select <b>New Folder.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Type in a name: <b>Projects </b>and
click <b>Add </b>to add a folder target.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Browse to <b>ProjectDocu </b>shared
folder.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Now you see the folder called <b>Projects.
</b>Right click on it and select <b>Properties.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on the <b>Referrals </b>tab. Here
you can see how long the client is allowed to cache the referral and
the overrides for the namespace settings at the root. Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click on <b>New Folder Target.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the <b>Path to folder target:</b>,
click <b>Browse. </b>Change the server to <b>nyc-svr1. </b>Click
<b>Check Names </b>to verify the server. Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>New Shared Folder. </b>Type
<b>ProjectDocu</b> in the <b>Share name:</b> text box and the <b>Local
path of shared folder: </b>on the remote computer. Click <b>Browse </b>to
<b>Browse For Folder </b>for <b>ProjectDocu.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Modify the <b>Shared folder
permissions: </b>if needed.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK.</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A <b>Replication </b>dialog box
displays because we have set up an additional folder target asking <b>Do
you want to create a replication group? </b>We will select <b>No </b>for
this example.</div>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">
</h2>
<h2 class="western">
</h2>
<h2 class="western">
Configuring DFS Replication (DFSR)</h2>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>DFSR </b>is a new technology in
<b>Windows Server 2008</b> and is how <b>Active Directory Domain
Services</b> provides file and folder replication between domain
controllers. It is available in standalone and domain configurations. </div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>DFSR</b> is multi-master replication
and it supports compression and bandwidth management technologies
that are network friendly.
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>DFS-R</b> is a multi-master
replication engine that supports replication scheduling and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_throttling">bandwidth
throttling</a>.</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">DFSR
uses <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Differential_Compression">remote
differential compression</a> (RDC) to efficiently update files over
limited-bandwidth networks.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">DFSR
uses delta-based replication and detects changes on the volume by
monitoring the Update Sequence Number or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USN_Journal">USN
journal</a>. It also uses update sequence numbers. </span>
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">Uses
a <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc782648(WS.10).aspx">staging
folder</a> to act as caches for new and changed files to stage a
file before sending and receiving it. Each replicated folder has its own staging folder located by default in the local path of the replicated folder in <em><strong>DfsrPrivate\Staging</strong></em> folder.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">Uses
a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_vector" target="_blank">version vector</a> exchange protocol to determine what files need to
be synchronized. The protocol sends less than 1 KB per file across
the network to synchronize the metadata associated with changed
files on the sending and receiving members. <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc781091(WS.10).aspx">Introduction
to DFS Replication</a></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">Uses
a conflict resolution heuristic of last writer wins for files in
conflict, when a file is updated at multiple servers simultaneously,
an earliest creator wins for name conflicts. Files and folders
losing the conflict resolution are moved to the <strong><em>DfsrPrivate\ConflictandDeleted</em>
</strong>folder. You may also configure the DFSR service to move deleted
files to this ConflictandDeleted folder when the file is deleted,
for retrieval purposes. <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc782648(WS.10).aspx">Staging
folders and Conflict and Deleted folders</a></span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">DFS
Replication can automatically recover from USN journal wraps, USN
journal loss, or a loss of the DFS Replication database.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">Uses
a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Management_Instrumentation">Windows
Management Instrumentation (WMI)</a> provider to provide interfaces
to obtain configuration and monitoring information from the DFS
Replication service.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
What are Replication Groups and Folders?</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Replication Group</b>.
</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A replication group is a set of
servers that have membership in the replication group. The servers
participate in replicating one or more folders.</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Replicated Folder</b>.</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A replicated folder is kept
synchronized on each member.</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
DFS Replication Requirements</span></h3>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The <strong>Active Directory</strong> schema must
include the DFS replication objects.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The servers must be <strong>Windows Server
2003 R2</strong> or <strong>Windows Server 2008</strong> with the <strong>DFS Replication</strong> service
installed.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Replicated folders must be stored
on <strong>NTFS</strong> volumes because <b>DFSR</b> depends on the<b> NTFS </b>change journal to detect changes to files in directories in a replica set.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Servers in a replication group
must be in the same forest.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On server clusters, replicated
folders must be located in the node’s local storage because the
service is not designed to work with cluster components, and will
not fail over to another node.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Antivirus must be compatible with
<strong>DFS Replication</strong> so that it will not be flagged as virus activity.</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731545.aspx">Review
Requirements for DFS Replication</a></span></div>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Scalability for DFS Replication</span></h3>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc779936(WS.10).aspx">DFS
Replication scalability guidelines</a><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The following are guidelines:</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Each server can be a member of up
to 256 replication groups</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A replication group can contain up
to 256 replicated folders</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Each server can have up to 256
connections</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The number of replication groups
multiplied by the number of replicated folders multiplied by the
number of simultaneously active connections must be kept to 1024 or
fewer</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A replication group can contain up
to 256 members</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A volume can contain up to 8
million replicated files, and a server can contain up to 1 terabyte
of replicated files</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
The max
tested file size is 64 gigabytes</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Steps to Deploy a Multipurpose Replication Group</span></h3>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Determine the type of replication
group you are going to create</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Specify the name and domain</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Add the replication group members</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Specify a topology</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Specify the replication group
schedule and the bandwidth</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Specify the primary member</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Specify the folders to replicate
and the local path on the member servers</div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">Once
you have configured replication, replication does not start
immediately. The topology and DFS replication settings have to be
replicated to all of the domain controllers. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">Each
member of the replication group must poll the closest domain
controller to obtain the settings. The amount of time for this will
depend on your Active Directory replication latency and the polling
interval on each member. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">Initial
replication always occurs between the primary member and the primary
member’s receiving replication partners. After a member has
received all files from the primary member, then that member will
replicate to it’s receiving partners.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">When
receiving files from a primary member during initial replication, the
receiving members containing files not currently present on the
primary member, will move the files to their <strong>DfsrPRivate\PreExisting</strong>
folder.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">If
a file is identical to a file on the primary member, the file is not
replicated.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">If
the receiving file is different from the primary member’s version
of the file, then the receiving member’s file is moved to the
<strong>ConflictandDeleted folder</strong>. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">An
<strong>Remote Differential Compression (RDC)</strong> can be used to download only
the changed blocks or delta replicated components from the existing
files. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">To
determine whether the files are identical on the primary and
receiving member, DFS Replication compares the files <i>using a hash
algorithm</i> and if they are identical, minimum metadata is transferred
between the replication members. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">After
the initial replication of the replicated folder, the primary member
designation is removed and the member is treated like any other
member and its files are no longer considered to be authoritative.
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;">From that point onward, we have full <a href="http://www.answers.com/topic/multi-master-replication">multimaster</a>
replication between the replication members. </span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Understanding the Initial Replication Process</span></h3>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc753479(WS.10).aspx">Distributed
File System</a></div>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Replication of <strong>DFS</strong> settings</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Primary member starts replication</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Files are moved to
<strong>DfsrPrivate\PreExisting</strong> (if the files are not present on the primary
member)</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Files are compared and replicated</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Primary member designation is
removed</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 class="western">
</h3>
<h3 class="western">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754227.aspx">Diagnostics
Reports and Propogation Tests</a></h3>
<h3 class="western">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc782648(WS.10).aspx">Staging
folders and Conflict and Deleted folders</a></h3>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h3 class="western">
Diagnostic Report Wizard:</h3>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Create a health report</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Start a propagation test</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Create a propagation report<br />
<br /></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771058.aspx">Overview
of DFS Replication</a></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770925.aspx">Deploying
DFS Replication</a></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; orphans: 2; widows: 2;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/de-de/library/cc736872(WS.10).aspx">What
to expect during initial replication</a></span><br />
<br /></div>
<h5 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">
Demo – Deploy DFS Replication</span></h5>
<ol>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>Start | Administrative Tools | DFS
Management</strong></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Right-click <b>Replication </b>and
choose <b>New Replication Group…</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Choose<b> Multipurpose replication
group</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Under <b>Name of replication
group: </b>type <b>SCNB_Projects. </b>The domain is <b>SCNB.com</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Add </b>to add
replication group members</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We will add <b>scnb-svr1 </b>and
click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Then add <b>scnb-dc1 </b>and click
<b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Topology Selection </b>page,
choose <b>Full mesh</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Replication Group
Schedule and Bandwidth </b>page, choose <b>Replicate continuously
using the specified bandwith </b>and in the <b>Bandwidth </b>drop-down
box, choose <b>Full</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Primary Member </b>page,
choose the primary member, <b>scnb-svr1</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Browse the local path of the
folders on <b>scnb-svr1 </b>and select the appropriate folder, Click
<b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
On the <b>Local Path of Projects
on Other Members </b>page, we have <b>scnb-dc1 </b>listed</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Edit </b>to edit the
local path of <b>scnb-dc1</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Select <b>Enabled </b>and <b>Browse</b>
to choose the local path of the folder on <b>scnb-dc1</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Next</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Review Settings and Create
Replication Group </b>page is displayed</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Review and click <b>Create</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>Close</b></div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A warning message displays,
“<b>Replication will not begin until the configuration is picked
up by the members of the replication group. The amount of time this
takes depends on Active Directory Domain Services replication
latency as well as the polling interval. </b>
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Click <b>OK </b>(You will now see
the replication group underneath the <b>Replication </b>node in the
DFS Management tree in the DFS Management dialog box.)</div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754380.aspx">Add
a Replicated Folder to a Replication Group</a></div>
<h5 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></h5>
<h5 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Create Diagnostics Report…</span></h5>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
To do this, you can go into <strong>DFS
Management</strong> and under <strong>Actions</strong>, choose <b>Create Diagnostic Report…,
</b>or
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Under <strong>Replication</strong> in the <strong>DFS Management</strong>
console tree, right-click the replication group that you want to
create a report for and select <b>Create Diagnostic Report…</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
<b><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754227.aspx">Create
a Diagnostic Report for DFS Replication</a></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc725893.aspx"><b>Create
a Replication Group</b></a></div>
<h4 class="western">
</h4>
<h4 class="western">
</h4>
<h4 class="western">
Best Pratctices</h4>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>DFS</strong> saves the user from having to
remember UNCs to connect to files. It simplifies the end-user
experience.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
You have fault-tolerance by
providing replicas of the <strong>DFS</strong> namespace.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<strong>DRSR</strong> is now used by <strong>Windows Server 2008</strong>
as its method of replication.</div>
<h5 class="western">
</h5>
<h5 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Network ports used by DFS</span></h5>
<table border="1" bordercolor="#000001" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" style="width: 638px;">
<colgroup><col width="145"></col>
<col width="146"></col>
<col width="146"></col>
<col width="145"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="145">Service Name</td>
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="146">Computers</td>
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="146">UDP</td>
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="145">TCP</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="145">NetBIOS Name Service</td>
<td width="146">Domain controllers: root servers that are not domain
controllers; servers and client computers acting as folder targets</td>
<td width="146">137</td>
<td width="145">137</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="145">NetBIOS Datagram Service</td>
<td width="146">Domain controllers: root servers that are not domain
controllers; servers and client computers acting as folder targets</td>
<td width="146">138</td>
<td width="145"><br />
<div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="145">NetBIOS Session Service</td>
<td width="146">Domain controllers: root servers that are not domain
controllers; servers and client computers acting as folder targets</td>
<td width="146"><br />
<div>
</div>
</td>
<td width="145">139</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="145">LDAP Server</td>
<td width="146">Domain controllers</td>
<td width="146">389</td>
<td width="145">389</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="145">Remote Procedure Call (RPC) endpoint mapper</td>
<td width="146">Domain controllers</td>
<td width="146"><br />
<div>
</div>
</td>
<td width="145">135</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="145">Server Message Block (SMB)</td>
<td width="146">Domain controllers: root servers that are not domain
controllers; servers and client computers acting as folder targets</td>
<td width="146">445</td>
<td width="145">445</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div>
</div>
<h5 class="western">
</h5>
<h5 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></h5>
<h5 class="western">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">
Tools</span></h5>
<table border="1" bordercolor="#000001" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" style="width: 638px;">
<colgroup><col width="198"></col>
<col width="199"></col>
<col width="198"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="198">Tool</td>
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="199">Use</td>
<td bgcolor="#b6dde8" width="198">Where</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="198"><b>Dfsutil</b></td>
<td width="199">Perform advanced operations on DFS namespaces</td>
<td width="198">On a namespace server, type <strong>Dfsutil</strong> at a command prompt</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="198"><b>DFscmd.exe</b></td>
<td width="199">Scripting basic DFS tasks such as <i>configuring DFS roots and
targets.</i></td>
<td width="198">On a namespace server, type <b>Dfscmd</b> at a command prompt</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="TOP">
<td bgcolor="#daeef3" width="198"><b>DFS Management</b></td>
<td width="199">Perform tasks related to DFS namespaces and replication</td>
<td width="198"><b>Click Start | Administrative Tools | DFS Management</b></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee307957(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">What's New in Distributed File System</a><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; font-family: Segoe, Segoe;">The <b>Dfsrdiag.exe</b> command-line tool includes three new command-line switches that provide enhanced diagnostic capabilities:</span></span><br />
<ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe;"><span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe;">
<li class="unordered"><strong>Dfsrdiag.exe ReplState</strong></li>
</span></span>. Provides a summary of the replication status across all connections on the specified replication group member. It initiates a snapshot of the internal state of the DFS Replication service and gathers a list of the updates that are currently being processed (downloaded or served) by the service. </span></ul>
<ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe;"><span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe;">
<li class="unordered"><strong>Dfsrdiag.exe IdRecord</strong></li>
</span></span>. Displays the DFS Replication ID record and version for the file or folder that you specify by using its path or its Unique Identifier (UID). The DFS Replication service creates an ID record for every file and folder that it replicates, and you can use the ID record and its version information to determine if a file has replicated properly to a particular member.</span></ul>
<ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe;"><span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe;">
<li class="unordered"><strong>Dfsrdiag.exe FileHash</strong></li>
</span></span>. Computes and displays the hash value that is generated by the DFS Replication service for a particular file. The hash value is used to compare two files—if the hash value for two files is identical, so are the files.</span></ul>
<ul></ul>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; font-family: Segoe, Segoe;">For example, if you use a portable hard drive to copy the contents of a replicated folder to a replication group member before the initial replication, it is often useful to verify whether the files that you copied (for example, the attributes, timestamps, and access control lists (ACLs)) are identical to the version of the files on the authoritative replication group member. If the files are identical, the DFS Replication service doesn’t download any portion of the file during replication (except for its metadata, which the service uses to determine that the files are identical).</span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<ul><span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe;"><span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe;">
</span></span></ul>
<span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Segoe, Segoe; font-size: x-small;">
</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09627264789172905566noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5991632940914606440.post-77690646609106064432012-01-22T17:41:00.001-05:002012-03-05T21:00:06.405-05:00Troubleshooting IPSEC<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 16px/normal Times; margin: 12px 0px 3px;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Padlock-red.svg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Padlock-red.svg" /></a></div>
<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">IPSec Monitoring Tools</span></i></b></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #8ed8e5; border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 5px; width: 239.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Tool</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #8ed8e5; border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 5px; width: 239.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Description</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #dcf2f6; border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 5px; width: 239.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">IP Security Monitor</span></div>
</td><td style="border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 5px; width: 239.4px;" valign="top"><ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Used as a <i>MMC snap-in</i> with Windows XP and higher</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Administrators can use it locally or remotely to monitor IPSec policy</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #dcf2f6; border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 5px; width: 239.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ipsecmon</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 5px; width: 239.4px;" valign="top"><ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Command-line tool</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Only available in Windows 2000</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #dcf2f6; border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 5px; width: 239.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Windows Firewall with Advanced Security</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 5px; width: 239.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">New to Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #dcf2f6; border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 5px; width: 239.4px;" valign="top"><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Netsh</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: 0.5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0px 5px; width: 239.4px;" valign="top"><ul style="list-style-type: disc;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Perform a trace, located in <i style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">systemroot\debug\oakley.log</i></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Enabled in Windows XP and Windows 2000 with registry modification</span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal "Times New Roman"; margin: 0px 0px 10px; min-height: 12px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"></span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/normal Times; margin: 12px 0px 3px;">
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">IP Security Monitor</span></b></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The <b>IP Security Monitor</b> snap-in is used to view and monitor <b>IP-Sec</b> policy. The IP Security Monitor can be used to troubleshoot and test IPSec policies you create. </span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">In previous versions of Windows, we used IP Security Monitor as a snap-in in the MMC. With <b>Windows Server 2008</b>, the <b>IP Security Monitor </b>is <i>now integrated</i> with the <b>Windows Firewall with Advanced Security (WFAS). </b></span><br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Operates in two modes:</span></div>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Main mode</span>.</b> Main Mode Internet Key Exchange (IKE) negotiation establishes the initial secure channel between two computers. </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Quick mode</span>. </b>The secure channel, known as the I<b>nternet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) security association (SA)</b>, between two computers, is used to protect subsequent key exchanges between the two computers and to give you a quick status as to what is happening with IPSec. This is known as Quick mode.</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px 18px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">To enable remote management editing, the <b><i>HKLM\system\currentcontrolset\services\policyagent</i></b> key must have a value of 1.</span></div>
<div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px 18px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">IP Security Monitor lets you search for specific main mode and quick mode filters.</span></div>
<div style="color: #2b00ff; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc753765(v=ws.10).aspx" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Monitoring IPsec</span></a></span></div>
<div style="color: #2b00ff; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=12071" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Microsoft IPsec Diagnostic Tool</span></a></span></div>
<div style="color: #2b00ff; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732099(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Monitoring Main Mode</span></a></span></div>
<div style="color: #2b00ff; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc726060(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Monitoring Quick Mode</span></a></span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Windows Firewall with Advanced Security</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Firewall.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="109" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Firewall.png" width="200" /></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Advanced configuration takes place in the <b>Windows Firewall with Advanced Security (WFAS)</b> MMC snap-in. This snap-in provides an interface for configuring Windows Firewall locally, and on remote computers and by using Group Policy. IPSec protections are now integrated with the Windows Firewall.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>Connection Security Rules </b>and <b>Security Associations (SA)</b> nodes are used to monitor IPSec connections.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Items that can be monitored:</span></div>
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<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>Security Associations</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>Main Mode</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>Quick Mode</b></span></li>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Demo – Using IPSec Monitor and Windows Firewall</span></b></div>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Windows Firewall with Advanced Security</span></i></b></div>
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<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Start | Administrative Tools | Windows Firewall with Advanced Security</span></b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Select <b>Monitoring</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Click on <b>Main Mode (in depth view of SAs)</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">You can see the Security Association (previously created) between the local machine and the remote machine, and the authentication method. </span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">You can click on <b>Quick Mode (high-level view of SAs) </b>to see the local and remote address and the Ports and Protocols that are allowed.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Close the <b>Windows Firewall with Advanced Security</b></span></li>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">IPSec Monitor</span></i></b></div>
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<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Start | Run | mmc</span></b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">File | Add/Remove Snap-in...</span></b></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Select <b>IP Security Monitor</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Under the <b>IP Security Monitor</b> node, you can see the current <b>Active Policy, Main Mode</b> and <b>Quick Mode</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Under <b>Main Mode</b> or <b>Quick Mode</b>, drop-down and look at <b>Statistics </b>and<b> Security Associations</b></span></li>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Troubleshooting IPSec</span></i></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Pretend someone in your organization cannot connect to a server on your network that has IPSec deployed. The client machine has rules configured.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Do we first look at IPSec, or do we check to see if there is a network issue?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">1</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Stop the <b>IPSec Policy Agent</b>. You can then look through the <i>Oakley logs</i> for pointers. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">2</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Verify firewall configuration settings locally and externally. Use the <b>ping</b> and <b>Net View </b>command to verify communications to rule <b>IPSec</b> in or out as the cause of the problem. If you are able to connect to the network without the <b>IPSec Policy Agent</b> being enforced, it is a good probability the problem is with <b>IPSec</b>. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">3</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Start the <b>IPSec Policy Agent</b> and use <b>IP Security Monitor</b> to determine if a security association exists. Look at the <b>IPSec</b> policies that are enforced.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">4</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Review the <b>Group Policies</b> and <b>IPSec</b> policies and ensure they are compatible. Look at the<i> authentication methods</i> and make sure they match on both the client and the servers. You can use Resultant Set of Policy (RSOP) snap-in to verify the correct application of policy.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">5</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Use<b> IP Security Monitor </b>to ensure any changes are applied.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc163159.aspx" target="_blank"> Server and Domain Isolation Using IPsec and Group Policy</a></span><br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770610(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Domain Isolation with Microsoft Windows Explained</span></a><br />
<a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc737830(WS.10).aspx" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">A Guide to Domain Isolation for Security Architects</span></a></div>
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<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb545651" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Server and Domain Isolation</span></a></span></div>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Troubleshooting the <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc784994(v=WS.10).aspx" target="_blank">Internet Key Exchange (IKE</a>) </span></i></b></div>
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<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Identify the connectivity issues related to<b> IPSec</b> and <b>IKE</b></span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Identify firewall and port issues. Make sure <b>UDP port 500 </b>and <b>port 4500 </b>is not being blocked. Ensure that IPSec-protected traffic (IP protocol 50 and 51) is not blocked and that the network devices support IPSec.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Review the <b>Oakley.log</b> file in the system root folder (look in the debug directory). The Oakley.log records up to 50,000 lines of IPSec events. Once the 50,000 lines have been reached, the log is copied to a backup file, and a new file is created. So, you may have to review the backup files. Enable the HKEY-LOCAL-MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\PolicyAgent\Oakley\EnableLogging registry setting to 1 (stored in the %systemroot%\Debug\folder)</span><div style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;">
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<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Determine if any <b>Main mode </b>exchange issues regarding initiating the connection are causing a problem.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ensure both computers have the same time settings</span></li>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Common Security Event Viewer log codes:</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb531150" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">IPsec</span></a></span></div>
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<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;">Success:</span></li>
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<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">541 – IKE Main Mode or Quick Mode established</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">542 – IKE Quick Mode was deleted</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">543 – IKE Main Mode was deleted</span></li>
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<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica;">Information Log Entries:</span></li>
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<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Usually pertaining to denial of service attacks</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">May not be any errors but resources will run low, affecting performance</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Quick Mode audit failures denoted with 547 error message</span></li>
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<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/query/ms681381" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">System Error Codes (12000-15999)</span></a></span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Best Practices</span></b></div>
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<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Establish an IPSec deployment plan.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Create and test IPSec policies.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Do not use preshared keys. Microsoft does not recommend the use of preshared key authentication because it is a relatively weak authentication method and are stored in plaintext format. Only use preshared keys for testing. Use certificates of Kerberos V5 protocol in a production environment.</span></li>
<li style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 11px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Use the Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) algorithm for stronger encryption.</span></li>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Use Terminal Services to remotely manage and monitor IPSec on computers with different versions of the Windows OS.</span></div>
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